--- /dev/null
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE> Samba Server FAQ: What is Samba?</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+Previous
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#toc1">Table of Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s1">1. What is Samba?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="WhatIsSamba"></A>
+</P>
+<P>See the
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#introduction">meta FAQ introduction</A> if you don't have any idea what Samba does.</P>
+<P>Samba has many features that are not supported in other CIFS and SMB
+implementations, all of which are commercial. It approaches some
+problems from a different angle.</P>
+<P>Some of its features include:
+<UL>
+<LI>extremely dynamic runtime configuration</LI>
+<LI>host as well as username/password security</LI>
+<LI>scriptable SMB client</LI>
+<LI>automatic home directory exporting</LI>
+<LI>automatic printer exporting</LI>
+<LI>intelligent dead connection timeouts</LI>
+<LI>guest connections</LI>
+</UL>
+</P>
+<P>Look at the
+<A HREF="samba-man-index.html">manual pages</A> included with the package for a full list of
+features. The components of the suite are (in summary):</P>
+<P>
+<DL>
+
+<DT><B>smbd</B><DD><P>the SMB server. This handles actual connections from clients,
+doing all the interfacing with the
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#DomainModeSecurity">authentication database</A> for file, permission and username work.</P>
+
+<DT><B>nmbd</B><DD><P>the NetBIOS name server, which helps clients locate servers,
+maintaining the
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#BrowseAndDomainDefs">authentication database</A> doing the browsing work and managing
+domains as this capability is being built into Samba.</P>
+
+<DT><B>smbclient</B><DD><P>the scriptable commandline SMB client program.
+Useful for automated work, printer filters and testing purposes. It is
+more CIFS-compliant than most commercial implementations. Note that this
+is not a filesystem. The Samba team does not supply a network filesystem
+driver, although the smbfs filesystem for Linux is derived from
+smbclient code.</P>
+
+<DT><B>smbrun</B><DD><P>a little 'glue' program to help the server run
+external programs.</P>
+
+<DT><B>testprns</B><DD><P>a program to test server access to printers</P>
+
+<DT><B>testparms</B><DD><P>a program to test the Samba configuration file
+for correctness</P>
+
+<DT><B>smb.conf</B><DD><P>the Samba configuration file</P>
+
+<DT><B>examples</B><DD><P>many examples have been put together for the different
+operating systems that Samba supports.</P>
+
+<DT><B>Documentation!</B><DD><P>DON'T neglect to read it - you will save a great
+deal of time!</P>
+
+</DL>
+</P>
+
+<HR>
+Previous
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#toc1">Table of Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE> Samba Server FAQ: How do I get the CIFS, SMB and NetBIOS protocols?</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-1.html">Previous</A>
+Next
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#toc2">Table of Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s2">2. How do I get the CIFS, SMB and NetBIOS protocols?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="ServerProtocols"></A>
+</P>
+<P>See the
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#CifsSmb">meta FAQ on CIFS and SMB</A> if you don't have any idea what these protocols are.</P>
+<P>CIFS and SMB are implemented by the main Samba fileserving daemon, smbd.
+<F>.....</F></P>
+<P>nmbd speaks a limited amount of CIFS (...) but is mostly concerned with
+NetBIOS. NetBIOS is <F>....</F></P>
+<P>RFC1001, RFC1002 <F>...</F></P>
+<P>So, provided you have got Samba correctly installed and running you have
+all three of these protocols. Some operating systems already come with
+stacks for all or some of these, such as SCO Unix, OS/2 and <F>...</F> In this
+case you must <F>...</F></P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.1">2.1 What server operating systems are supported?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="PortInfo"></A>
+</P>
+<P>At the last count, Samba runs on about 40 operating systems! This
+section looks at general questions about running Samba on the different
+platforms. Issues specific to particular operating systems are dealt
+with in elsewhere in this document.</P>
+<P>Many of the ports have been done by people outside the Samba team keen
+to get the advantages of Samba. The Samba team is currently trying to
+bring as many of these ports as possible into the main source tree and
+integrate the documentation. Samba is an integration tool, and so it has
+been made as easy as possible to port. The platforms most widely used
+and thus best tested are Linux and SunOS.</P>
+<P>This migration has not been completed yet. This means that some
+documentation is on web sites <F>...</F></P>
+<P>There are two main families of Samba ports, Unix and other. The Unix
+ports cover anything that remotely resembles Unix and includes some
+extremely old products as well as best-sellers, tiny PCs to massive
+multiprocessor machines supporting hundreds of thousands of users. Samba
+has been run on more than 30 Unix and Unix-like operating systems.</P>
+
+<H3>Running Samba on a Unix or Unix-like system</H3>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="OnUnix"></A>
+</P>
+<P>
+<A HREF="../UNIX-SMB.txt">../UNIX-SMB.txt</A> describes some of the issues that confront a
+SMB implementation on unix, and how Samba copes with them. They may help
+people who are looking at unix<->PC interoperability.</P>
+<P>There is great variation between Unix implementations, especially those
+not adhering to the Common Unix Specification agreed to in 1996. Things
+that can be quite tricky are <F>.....</F></P>
+<P>There are also some considerable advantages conferred on Samba running
+under Unix compared to, say, Windows NT or LAN Server. Unix has <F>...</F></P>
+<P>At time of writing, the Makefile claimed support for:
+<UL>
+<LI> A/UX 3.0</LI>
+<LI> AIX</LI>
+<LI> Altos Series 386/1000</LI>
+<LI> Amiga</LI>
+<LI> Apollo Domain/OS sr10.3</LI>
+<LI> BSDI </LI>
+<LI> B.O.S. (Bull Operating System)</LI>
+<LI> Cray, Unicos 8.0</LI>
+<LI> Convex</LI>
+<LI> DGUX. </LI>
+<LI> DNIX.</LI>
+<LI> FreeBSD</LI>
+<LI> HP-UX</LI>
+<LI> Intergraph. </LI>
+<LI> Linux with/without shadow passwords and quota</LI>
+<LI> LYNX 2.3.0</LI>
+<LI> MachTen (a unix like system for Macintoshes)</LI>
+<LI> Motorola 88xxx/9xx range of machines</LI>
+<LI> NetBSD</LI>
+<LI> NEXTSTEP Release 2.X, 3.0 and greater (including OPENSTEP for Mach).</LI>
+<LI> OS/2 using EMX 0.9b</LI>
+<LI> OSF1</LI>
+<LI> QNX 4.22</LI>
+<LI> RiscIX. </LI>
+<LI> RISCOs 5.0B</LI>
+<LI> SEQUENT. </LI>
+<LI> SCO (including: 3.2v2, European dist., OpenServer 5)</LI>
+<LI> SGI.</LI>
+<LI> SMP_DC.OSx v1.1-94c079 on Pyramid S series</LI>
+<LI> SONY NEWS, NEWS-OS (4.2.x and 6.1.x)</LI>
+<LI> SUNOS 4</LI>
+<LI> SUNOS 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4 (Solaris 2.2, 2.3, and '2.4 and later')</LI>
+<LI> Sunsoft ISC SVR3V4</LI>
+<LI> SVR4</LI>
+<LI> System V with some berkely extensions (Motorola 88k R32V3.2).</LI>
+<LI> ULTRIX.</LI>
+<LI> UNIXWARE</LI>
+<LI> UXP/DS</LI>
+</UL>
+</P>
+
+
+<H3>Running Samba on systems unlike Unix</H3>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="OnUnlikeUnix"></A>
+</P>
+<P>More recently Samba has been ported to a number of operating systems
+which can provide a BSD Unix-like implementation of TCP/IP sockets.
+These include OS/2, Netware, VMS, StratOS, Amiga and MVS. BeOS,
+Windows NT and several others are being worked on but not yet available
+for use.</P>
+<P>Home pages for these ports are:</P>
+<P><F>... </F></P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.2">2.2 Exporting server resources with Samba</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="Exporting"></A>
+</P>
+<P>Files, printers, CD ROMs and other local devices. Network devices,
+including networked filesystems and remote printer queues. Other devices
+such as <F>....</F></P>
+<P>1.4) Configuring SHARES
+1.4.1) Homes service
+1.4.2) Public services
+1.4.3) Application serving
+1.4.4) Team sharing a Samba resource</P>
+<P>1.5) Printer configuration
+1.5.1) Berkeley LPR/LPD systems
+1.5.2) ATT SysV lp systems
+1.5.3) Using a private printcap file
+1.5.4) Use of the smbprint utility
+1.5.5) Printing from Windows to Unix
+1.5.6) Printing from Unix to Windows</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.3">2.3 Name Resolution and Browsing</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="NameBrowsing"></A>
+</P>
+<P>See also
+<A HREF="../BROWSING.txt">../BROWSING.txt</A></P>
+<P>1.6) Name resolution issues
+1.6.1) LMHOSTS file and when to use it
+1.6.2) configuring WINS (support, server, proxy)
+1.6.3) configuring DNS proxy</P>
+<P>1.7) Problem Diagnosis
+1.8) What NOT to do!!!!</P>
+<P>3.2) Browse list managment
+3.3) Name resolution mangement</P>
+
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.4">2.4 Handling SMB Encryption</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="SMBEncryptionSteps"></A>
+</P>
+<P>SMB encryption is ...</P>
+<P>...in
+<A HREF="../ENCRYPTION.txt">../ENCRYPTION.txt</A> there is...</P>
+<P>Samba compiled with libdes - enabling encrypted passwords</P>
+
+
+<H3>Laws in different countries affecting Samba</H3>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="CryptoLaws"></A>
+</P>
+
+<H3>Relationship between encryption and Domain Authentication</H3>
+
+
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.5">2.5 Files and record locking</A> 3.1.1) Old DOS clients 3.1.2) Opportunistic locking and the consequences 3.1.3) Files caching under Windows for Workgroups, Win95 and NT Some of the foregoing links into Client-FAQ</H2>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.6">2.6 Managing Samba Log files</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="LogFiles"></A>
+</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.7">2.7 I can't see the Samba server in any browse lists!</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="no_browse"></A>
+
+See
+<A HREF="ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/BROWSING.txt">BROWSING.txt</A>
+for more information on browsing. Browsing.txt can also be found
+in the docs directory of the Samba source.</P>
+<P>If your GUI client does not permit you to select non-browsable
+servers, you may need to do so on the command line. For example, under
+Lan Manager you might connect to the above service as disk drive M:
+thusly:
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+ net use M: \\mary\fred
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+The details of how to do this and the specific syntax varies from
+client to client - check your client's documentation.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.8">2.8 Some files that I KNOW are on the server doesn't show up when I view the files from my client! </A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="missing_files"></A>
+
+See the next question.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.9">2.9 Some files on the server show up with really wierd filenames when I view the files from my client! </A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="strange_filenames"></A>
+
+If you check what files are not showing up, you will note that they
+are files which contain upper case letters or which are otherwise not
+DOS-compatible (ie, they are not legal DOS filenames for some reason).</P>
+<P>The Samba server can be configured either to ignore such files
+completely, or to present them to the client in "mangled" form. If you
+are not seeing the files at all, the Samba server has most likely been
+configured to ignore them. Consult the man page smb.conf(5) for
+details of how to change this - the parameter you need to set is
+"mangled names = yes".</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.10">2.10 My client reports "cannot locate specified computer" or similar</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="cant_see_server"></A>
+
+This indicates one of three things: You supplied an incorrect server
+name, the underlying TCP/IP layer is not working correctly, or the
+name you specified cannot be resolved.</P>
+<P>After carefully checking that the name you typed is the name you
+should have typed, try doing things like pinging a host or telnetting
+to somewhere on your network to see if TCP/IP is functioning OK. If it
+is, the problem is most likely name resolution.</P>
+<P>If your client has a facility to do so, hardcode a mapping between the
+hosts IP and the name you want to use. For example, with Man Manager
+or Windows for Workgroups you would put a suitable entry in the file
+LMHOSTS. If this works, the problem is in the communication between
+your client and the netbios name server. If it does not work, then
+there is something fundamental wrong with your naming and the solution
+is beyond the scope of this document.</P>
+<P>If you do not have any server on your subnet supplying netbios name
+resolution, hardcoded mappings are your only option. If you DO have a
+netbios name server running (such as the Samba suite's nmbd program),
+the problem probably lies in the way it is set up. Refer to Section
+Two of this FAQ for more ideas.</P>
+<P>By the way, remember to REMOVE the hardcoded mapping before further
+tests :-) </P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.11">2.11 My client reports "cannot locate specified share name" or similar</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="cant_see_share"></A>
+
+This message indicates that your client CAN locate the specified
+server, which is a good start, but that it cannot find a service of
+the name you gave.</P>
+<P>The first step is to check the exact name of the service you are
+trying to connect to (consult your system administrator). Assuming it
+exists and you specified it correctly (read your client's doco on how
+to specify a service name correctly), read on:</P>
+<P>
+<UL>
+<LI> Many clients cannot accept or use service names longer than eight characters.</LI>
+<LI> Many clients cannot accept or use service names containing spaces.</LI>
+<LI> Some servers (not Samba though) are case sensitive with service names.</LI>
+<LI> Some clients force service names into upper case.</LI>
+</UL>
+</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.12">2.12 My client reports "cannot find domain controller", "cannot log on to the network" or similar </A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="cant_see_net"></A>
+
+Nothing is wrong - Samba does not implement the primary domain name
+controller stuff for several reasons, including the fact that the
+whole concept of a primary domain controller and "logging in to a
+network" doesn't fit well with clients possibly running on multiuser
+machines (such as users of smbclient under Unix). Having said that,
+several developers are working hard on building it in to the next
+major version of Samba. If you can contribute, send a message to
+<A HREF="mailto:samba-bugs@anu.edu.au">samba-bugs@anu.edu.au</A> !</P>
+<P>Seeing this message should not affect your ability to mount redirected
+disks and printers, which is really what all this is about.</P>
+<P>For many clients (including Windows for Workgroups and Lan Manager),
+setting the domain to STANDALONE at least gets rid of the message.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.13">2.13 Printing doesn't work :-(</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="no_printing"></A>
+ </P>
+<P>Make sure that the specified print command for the service you are
+connecting to is correct and that it has a fully-qualified path (eg.,
+use "/usr/bin/lpr" rather than just "lpr", if you happen to be using
+Unix).</P>
+<P>Make sure that the spool directory specified for the service is
+writable by the user connected to the service. </P>
+<P>Make sure that the user specified in the service is permitted to use
+the printer.</P>
+<P>Check the debug log produced by smbd. Search for the printer name and
+see if the log turns up any clues. Note that error messages to do with
+a service ipc$ are meaningless - they relate to the way the client
+attempts to retrieve status information when using the LANMAN1
+protocol.</P>
+<P>If using WfWg then you need to set the default protocol to TCP/IP, not
+Netbeui. This is a WfWg bug.</P>
+<P>If using the Lanman1 protocol (the default) then try switching to
+coreplus. Also not that print status error messages don't mean
+printing won't work. The print status is received by a different
+mechanism.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.14">2.14 My programs install on the server OK, but refuse to work properly</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="programs_wont_run"></A>
+
+There are numerous possible reasons for this, but one MAJOR
+possibility is that your software uses locking. Make sure you are
+using Samba 1.6.11 or later. It may also be possible to work around
+the problem by setting "locking=no" in the Samba configuration file
+for the service the software is installed on. This should be regarded
+as a strictly temporary solution.</P>
+<P>In earlier Samba versions there were some difficulties with the very
+latest Microsoft products, particularly Excel 5 and Word for Windows
+6. These should have all been solved. If not then please let Andrew
+Tridgell know via email at
+<A HREF="mailto:samba-bugs@anu.edu.au">samba-bugs@anu.edu.au</A>.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.15">2.15 My "server string" doesn't seem to be recognised</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="bad_server_string"></A>
+
+OR My client reports the default setting, eg. "Samba 1.9.15p4", instead
+of what I have changed it to in the smb.conf file.</P>
+<P>You need to use the -C option in nmbd. The "server string" affects
+what smbd puts out and -C affects what nmbd puts out.</P>
+<P>Current versions of Samba (1.9.16 +) have combined these options into
+the "server string" field of smb.conf, -C for nmbd is now obsolete.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.16">2.16 My client reports "This server is not configured to list shared resources" </A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="cant_list_shares"></A>
+
+Your guest account is probably invalid for some reason. Samba uses the
+guest account for browsing in smbd. Check that your guest account is
+valid.</P>
+<P>See also 'guest account' in smb.conf man page.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.17">2.17 Issues specific to Unix and Unix-like systems</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="UnixIssues"></A>
+</P>
+
+<H3>Printing doesn't work with my Unix Samba server</H3>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="no_printing"></A>
+ </P>
+<P>The user "nobody" often has problems with printing, even if it worked
+with an earlier version of Samba. Try creating another guest user other
+than "nobody".</P>
+
+<H3>Log message "you appear to have a trapdoor uid system" </H3>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="trapdoor_uid"></A>
+
+This can have several causes. It might be because you are using a uid
+or gid of 65535 or -1. This is a VERY bad idea, and is a big security
+hole. Check carefully in your /etc/passwd file and make sure that no
+user has uid 65535 or -1. Especially check the "nobody" user, as many
+broken systems are shipped with nobody setup with a uid of 65535.</P>
+<P>It might also mean that your OS has a trapdoor uid/gid system :-)</P>
+<P>This means that once a process changes effective uid from root to
+another user it can't go back to root. Unfortunately Samba relies on
+being able to change effective uid from root to non-root and back
+again to implement its security policy. If your OS has a trapdoor uid
+system this won't work, and several things in Samba may break. Less
+things will break if you use user or server level security instead of
+the default share level security, but you may still strike
+problems.</P>
+<P>The problems don't give rise to any security holes, so don't panic,
+but it does mean some of Samba's capabilities will be unavailable.
+In particular you will not be able to connect to the Samba server as
+two different uids at once. This may happen if you try to print as a
+"guest" while accessing a share as a normal user. It may also affect
+your ability to list the available shares as this is normally done as
+the guest user.</P>
+<P>Complain to your OS vendor and ask them to fix their system.</P>
+<P>Note: the reason why 65535 is a VERY bad choice of uid and gid is that
+it casts to -1 as a uid, and the setreuid() system call ignores (with
+no error) uid changes to -1. This means any daemon attempting to run
+as uid 65535 will actually run as root. This is not good!</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.18">2.18 Issues specific to IBM OS/2 systems</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="OS2Issues"></A>
+</P>
+<P>
+<A HREF="http://carol.wins.uva.nl/~leeuw/samba/samba2.html">Samba for OS/2</A></P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.19">2.19 Issues specific to IBM MVS systems</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="MVSIssues"></A>
+</P>
+<P>
+<A HREF="ftp://ftp.mks.com/pub/samba/">Samba for OS/390 MVS</A></P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.20">2.20 Issues specific to Digital VMS systems</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="VMSIssues"></A>
+</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.21">2.21 Issues specific to Amiga systems</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="AmigaIssues"></A>
+</P>
+<P>
+<A HREF="http://www.gbar.dtu.dk/~c948374/Amiga/Samba/">Samba for Amiga</A></P>
+<P>There is a mailing list for Samba on the Amiga.</P>
+<P>Subscribing.</P>
+<P>Send an email to rask-samba-request@kampsax.dtu.dk with the word subscribe
+in the message. The list server will use the address in the Reply-To: or
+From: header field, in that order.</P>
+<P>Unsubscribing.</P>
+<P>Send an email to rask-samba-request@kampsax.dtu.dk with the word
+unsubscribe in the message. The list server will use the address in the
+Reply-To: or From: header field, in that order. If you are unsure which
+address you are subscribed with, look at the headers. You should see a
+"From " (no colon) or Return-Path: header looking something like</P>
+<P>rask-samba-owner-myname=my.domain@kampsax.dtu.dk</P>
+<P>where myname=my.domain gives you the address myname@my.domain. This also
+means that I will always be able to find out which address is causing
+bounces, for example.
+List archive.</P>
+<P>Messages sent to the list are archived in HTML. See the mailing list home
+page at
+<A HREF="http://www.gbar.dtu.dk/~c948374/Amiga/Samba/mailinglist/">http://www.gbar.dtu.dk/~c948374/Amiga/Samba/mailinglist/</A></P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.22">2.22 Issues specific to Novell IntraNetware systems</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="NetwareIssues"></A>
+</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.23">2.23 Issues specific to Stratos VOS systems</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="NetwareIssues"></A>
+</P>
+<P>
+<A HREF="ftp://ftp.stratus.com/pub/vos/tools/">Samba for Stratus VOS</A></P>
+
+
+<HR>
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-1.html">Previous</A>
+Next
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+<HR>
+<H1> Samba Server FAQ</H1>
+
+<H2>Dan Shearer & Paul Blackman, <CODE>ictinus@lake.canberra.edu.au</CODE></H2>v 0.1, 23 Aug '97
+<P><HR><EM> This is the <EM>Server</EM> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
+document for Samba, the free and very popular SMB and CIFS server
+product. A general
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html">meta FAQ</A>
+exists and also a companion
+<A HREF="Samba-Client-FAQ.html">Client FAQ</A>, together with more detailed HOWTO documents on
+topics to do with Samba software. This is current to Samba version
+1.9.17. Please send any corrections to the author. </EM><HR></P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc1">1.</A> <A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-1.html">What is Samba?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc2">2.</A> <A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html">How do I get the CIFS, SMB and NetBIOS protocols?</A></H2>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.1">2.1 What server operating systems are supported?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.2">2.2 Exporting server resources with Samba</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.3">2.3 Name Resolution and Browsing</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.4">2.4 Handling SMB Encryption</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.5">2.5 Files and record locking</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.6">2.6 Managing Samba Log files</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.7">2.7 I can't see the Samba server in any browse lists!</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.8">2.8 Some files that I KNOW are on the server doesn't show up when I view the files from my client! </A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.9">2.9 Some files on the server show up with really wierd filenames when I view the files from my client! </A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.10">2.10 My client reports "cannot locate specified computer" or similar</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.11">2.11 My client reports "cannot locate specified share name" or similar</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.12">2.12 My client reports "cannot find domain controller", "cannot log on to the network" or similar </A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.13">2.13 Printing doesn't work :-(</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.14">2.14 My programs install on the server OK, but refuse to work properly</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.15">2.15 My "server string" doesn't seem to be recognised</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.16">2.16 My client reports "This server is not configured to list shared resources" </A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.17">2.17 Issues specific to Unix and Unix-like systems</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.18">2.18 Issues specific to IBM OS/2 systems</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.19">2.19 Issues specific to IBM MVS systems</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.20">2.20 Issues specific to Digital VMS systems</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.21">2.21 Issues specific to Amiga systems</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.22">2.22 Issues specific to Novell IntraNetware systems</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ-2.html#ss2.23">2.23 Issues specific to Stratos VOS systems</A>
+</UL>
+
+
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+<!doctype linuxdoc system> <!-- -*- SGML -*- -->
+<!--
+ v 0.1 23 Aug 1997 Dan Shearer
+ Original Samba-Client-FAQ.sgml from Paul's sambafaq.sgml
+ v 0.2 25 Aug 1997 Dan
+
+-->
+
+
+<article>
+
+<title> Samba Server FAQ
+
+<author>Dan Shearer & Paul Blackman, <tt>ictinus@lake.canberra.edu.au</tt>
+
+<date>v 0.1, 23 Aug '97
+
+<abstract> This is the <em>Server</em> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
+document for Samba, the free and very popular SMB and CIFS server
+product. A general <url url="Samba-meta-FAQ.html" name="meta FAQ">
+exists and also a companion <url url="Samba-Client-FAQ.html"
+name="Client FAQ">, together with more detailed HOWTO documents on
+topics to do with Samba software. This is current to Samba version
+1.9.17. Please send any corrections to the author.
+
+</abstract>
+
+<toc>
+
+<sect>What is Samba?<p><label id="WhatIsSamba">
+
+See the <url url="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#introduction" name="meta FAQ
+introduction"> if you don't have any idea what Samba does.
+
+Samba has many features that are not supported in other CIFS and SMB
+implementations, all of which are commercial. It approaches some
+problems from a different angle.
+
+Some of its features include:
+<itemize>
+<item>extremely dynamic runtime configuration
+<item>host as well as username/password security
+<item>scriptable SMB client
+<item>automatic home directory exporting
+<item>automatic printer exporting
+<item>intelligent dead connection timeouts
+<item>guest connections
+</itemize>
+
+Look at the <url url="samba-man-index.html" name="manual pages"> included with the package for a full list of
+features. The components of the suite are (in summary):
+
+<descrip>
+
+<tag/smbd/ the SMB server. This handles actual connections from clients,
+doing all the interfacing with the <url
+url="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#DomainModeSecurity" name="authentication
+database"> for file, permission and username work.
+
+<tag/nmbd/ the NetBIOS name server, which helps clients locate servers,
+maintaining the <url url="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#BrowseAndDomainDefs"
+name="authentication database"> doing the browsing work and managing
+domains as this capability is being built into Samba.
+
+<tag/smbclient/ the scriptable commandline SMB client program.
+Useful for automated work, printer filters and testing purposes. It is
+more CIFS-compliant than most commercial implementations. Note that this
+is not a filesystem. The Samba team does not supply a network filesystem
+driver, although the smbfs filesystem for Linux is derived from
+smbclient code.
+
+<tag/smbrun/ a little 'glue' program to help the server run
+external programs.
+
+<tag/testprns/ a program to test server access to printers
+
+<tag/testparms/ a program to test the Samba configuration file
+for correctness
+
+<tag/smb.conf/ the Samba configuration file
+
+<tag/examples/ many examples have been put together for the different
+operating systems that Samba supports.
+
+<tag/Documentation!/ DON'T neglect to read it - you will save a great
+deal of time!
+
+</descrip>
+
+<sect>How do I get the CIFS, SMB and NetBIOS protocols?<p><label id="ServerProtocols">
+
+See the <url url="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#CifsSmb" name="meta FAQ
+on CIFS and SMB"> if you don't have any idea what these protocols are.
+
+CIFS and SMB are implemented by the main Samba fileserving daemon, smbd.
+[.....]
+
+nmbd speaks a limited amount of CIFS (...) but is mostly concerned with
+NetBIOS. NetBIOS is [....]
+
+RFC1001, RFC1002 [...]
+
+So, provided you have got Samba correctly installed and running you have
+all three of these protocols. Some operating systems already come with
+stacks for all or some of these, such as SCO Unix, OS/2 and [...] In this
+case you must [...]
+
+<sect1>What server operating systems are supported?<p><label id="PortInfo">
+
+At the last count, Samba runs on about 40 operating systems! This
+section looks at general questions about running Samba on the different
+platforms. Issues specific to particular operating systems are dealt
+with in elsewhere in this document.
+
+Many of the ports have been done by people outside the Samba team keen
+to get the advantages of Samba. The Samba team is currently trying to
+bring as many of these ports as possible into the main source tree and
+integrate the documentation. Samba is an integration tool, and so it has
+been made as easy as possible to port. The platforms most widely used
+and thus best tested are Linux and SunOS.
+
+This migration has not been completed yet. This means that some
+documentation is on web sites [...]
+
+There are two main families of Samba ports, Unix and other. The Unix
+ports cover anything that remotely resembles Unix and includes some
+extremely old products as well as best-sellers, tiny PCs to massive
+multiprocessor machines supporting hundreds of thousands of users. Samba
+has been run on more than 30 Unix and Unix-like operating systems.
+
+<sect2>Running Samba on a Unix or Unix-like system<p><label id="OnUnix">
+
+<url url="../UNIX-SMB.txt"> describes some of the issues that confront a
+SMB implementation on unix, and how Samba copes with them. They may help
+people who are looking at unix<->PC interoperability.
+
+There is great variation between Unix implementations, especially those
+not adhering to the Common Unix Specification agreed to in 1996. Things
+that can be quite tricky are [.....]
+
+There are also some considerable advantages conferred on Samba running
+under Unix compared to, say, Windows NT or LAN Server. Unix has [...]
+
+At time of writing, the Makefile claimed support for:
+<itemize>
+<item> A/UX 3.0
+<item> AIX
+<item> Altos Series 386/1000
+<item> Amiga
+<item> Apollo Domain/OS sr10.3
+<item> BSDI
+<item> B.O.S. (Bull Operating System)
+<item> Cray, Unicos 8.0
+<item> Convex
+<item> DGUX.
+<item> DNIX.
+<item> FreeBSD
+<item> HP-UX
+<item> Intergraph.
+<item> Linux with/without shadow passwords and quota
+<item> LYNX 2.3.0
+<item> MachTen (a unix like system for Macintoshes)
+<item> Motorola 88xxx/9xx range of machines
+<item> NetBSD
+<item> NEXTSTEP Release 2.X, 3.0 and greater (including OPENSTEP for Mach).
+<item> OS/2 using EMX 0.9b
+<item> OSF1
+<item> QNX 4.22
+<item> RiscIX.
+<item> RISCOs 5.0B
+<item> SEQUENT.
+<item> SCO (including: 3.2v2, European dist., OpenServer 5)
+<item> SGI.
+<item> SMP_DC.OSx v1.1-94c079 on Pyramid S series
+<item> SONY NEWS, NEWS-OS (4.2.x and 6.1.x)
+<item> SUNOS 4
+<item> SUNOS 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4 (Solaris 2.2, 2.3, and '2.4 and later')
+<item> Sunsoft ISC SVR3V4
+<item> SVR4
+<item> System V with some berkely extensions (Motorola 88k R32V3.2).
+<item> ULTRIX.
+<item> UNIXWARE
+<item> UXP/DS
+</itemize>
+
+
+<sect2>Running Samba on systems unlike Unix<p><label id="OnUnlikeUnix">
+
+More recently Samba has been ported to a number of operating systems
+which can provide a BSD Unix-like implementation of TCP/IP sockets.
+These include OS/2, Netware, VMS, StratOS, Amiga and MVS. BeOS,
+Windows NT and several others are being worked on but not yet available
+for use.
+
+Home pages for these ports are:
+
+[... ]
+
+<sect1>Exporting server resources with Samba<p><label id="Exporting">
+
+Files, printers, CD ROMs and other local devices. Network devices,
+including networked filesystems and remote printer queues. Other devices
+such as [....]
+
+ 1.4) Configuring SHARES
+ 1.4.1) Homes service
+ 1.4.2) Public services
+ 1.4.3) Application serving
+ 1.4.4) Team sharing a Samba resource
+
+ 1.5) Printer configuration
+ 1.5.1) Berkeley LPR/LPD systems
+ 1.5.2) ATT SysV lp systems
+ 1.5.3) Using a private printcap file
+ 1.5.4) Use of the smbprint utility
+ 1.5.5) Printing from Windows to Unix
+ 1.5.6) Printing from Unix to Windows
+
+<sect1>Name Resolution and Browsing<p><label id="NameBrowsing">
+
+See also <url url="../BROWSING.txt">
+
+ 1.6) Name resolution issues
+ 1.6.1) LMHOSTS file and when to use it
+ 1.6.2) configuring WINS (support, server, proxy)
+ 1.6.3) configuring DNS proxy
+
+ 1.7) Problem Diagnosis
+ 1.8) What NOT to do!!!!
+
+ 3.2) Browse list managment
+ 3.3) Name resolution mangement
+
+
+<sect1>Handling SMB Encryption<p><label id="SMBEncryptionSteps">
+
+SMB encryption is ...
+
+...in <url url="../ENCRYPTION.txt"> there is...
+
+Samba compiled with libdes - enabling encrypted passwords
+
+
+<sect2>Laws in different countries affecting Samba<p><label id="CryptoLaws">
+
+<sect2>Relationship between encryption and Domain Authentication<p>
+
+<sect1> Files and record locking
+
+ 3.1.1) Old DOS clients
+ 3.1.2) Opportunistic locking and the consequences
+ 3.1.3) Files caching under Windows for Workgroups, Win95 and NT
+
+ Some of the foregoing links into Client-FAQ
+
+<sect1>Managing Samba Log files<p><label id="LogFiles">
+
+<sect1>I can't see the Samba server in any browse lists!<p><label id="no_browse">
+ See <url url="ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/BROWSING.txt" name="BROWSING.txt">
+ for more information on browsing. Browsing.txt can also be found
+ in the docs directory of the Samba source.
+
+If your GUI client does not permit you to select non-browsable
+servers, you may need to do so on the command line. For example, under
+Lan Manager you might connect to the above service as disk drive M:
+thusly:
+<tscreen><verb>
+ net use M: \\mary\fred
+</verb></tscreen>
+The details of how to do this and the specific syntax varies from
+client to client - check your client's documentation.
+
+<sect1>Some files that I KNOW are on the server doesn't show up when I view the files from my client! <p> <label id="missing_files">
+See the next question.
+
+<sect1>Some files on the server show up with really wierd filenames when I view the files from my client! <p> <label id="strange_filenames">
+If you check what files are not showing up, you will note that they
+are files which contain upper case letters or which are otherwise not
+DOS-compatible (ie, they are not legal DOS filenames for some reason).
+
+The Samba server can be configured either to ignore such files
+completely, or to present them to the client in "mangled" form. If you
+are not seeing the files at all, the Samba server has most likely been
+configured to ignore them. Consult the man page smb.conf(5) for
+details of how to change this - the parameter you need to set is
+"mangled names = yes".
+
+<sect1>My client reports "cannot locate specified computer" or similar<p><label id="cant_see_server">
+This indicates one of three things: You supplied an incorrect server
+name, the underlying TCP/IP layer is not working correctly, or the
+name you specified cannot be resolved.
+
+After carefully checking that the name you typed is the name you
+should have typed, try doing things like pinging a host or telnetting
+to somewhere on your network to see if TCP/IP is functioning OK. If it
+is, the problem is most likely name resolution.
+
+If your client has a facility to do so, hardcode a mapping between the
+hosts IP and the name you want to use. For example, with Man Manager
+or Windows for Workgroups you would put a suitable entry in the file
+LMHOSTS. If this works, the problem is in the communication between
+your client and the netbios name server. If it does not work, then
+there is something fundamental wrong with your naming and the solution
+is beyond the scope of this document.
+
+If you do not have any server on your subnet supplying netbios name
+resolution, hardcoded mappings are your only option. If you DO have a
+netbios name server running (such as the Samba suite's nmbd program),
+the problem probably lies in the way it is set up. Refer to Section
+Two of this FAQ for more ideas.
+
+By the way, remember to REMOVE the hardcoded mapping before further
+tests :-)
+
+<sect1>My client reports "cannot locate specified share name" or similar<p> <label id="cant_see_share">
+This message indicates that your client CAN locate the specified
+server, which is a good start, but that it cannot find a service of
+the name you gave.
+
+The first step is to check the exact name of the service you are
+trying to connect to (consult your system administrator). Assuming it
+exists and you specified it correctly (read your client's doco on how
+to specify a service name correctly), read on:
+
+<itemize>
+<item> Many clients cannot accept or use service names longer than eight characters.
+<item> Many clients cannot accept or use service names containing spaces.
+<item> Some servers (not Samba though) are case sensitive with service names.
+<item> Some clients force service names into upper case.
+</itemize>
+
+<sect1>My client reports "cannot find domain controller", "cannot log on to the network" or similar <p> <label id="cant_see_net">
+Nothing is wrong - Samba does not implement the primary domain name
+controller stuff for several reasons, including the fact that the
+whole concept of a primary domain controller and "logging in to a
+network" doesn't fit well with clients possibly running on multiuser
+machines (such as users of smbclient under Unix). Having said that,
+several developers are working hard on building it in to the next
+major version of Samba. If you can contribute, send a message to
+<htmlurl url="mailto:samba-bugs@anu.edu.au" name="samba-bugs@anu.edu.au"> !
+
+Seeing this message should not affect your ability to mount redirected
+disks and printers, which is really what all this is about.
+
+For many clients (including Windows for Workgroups and Lan Manager),
+setting the domain to STANDALONE at least gets rid of the message.
+
+<sect1>Printing doesn't work :-(<p> <label id="no_printing">
+
+Make sure that the specified print command for the service you are
+connecting to is correct and that it has a fully-qualified path (eg.,
+use "/usr/bin/lpr" rather than just "lpr", if you happen to be using
+Unix).
+
+Make sure that the spool directory specified for the service is
+writable by the user connected to the service.
+
+Make sure that the user specified in the service is permitted to use
+the printer.
+
+Check the debug log produced by smbd. Search for the printer name and
+see if the log turns up any clues. Note that error messages to do with
+a service ipc$ are meaningless - they relate to the way the client
+attempts to retrieve status information when using the LANMAN1
+protocol.
+
+If using WfWg then you need to set the default protocol to TCP/IP, not
+Netbeui. This is a WfWg bug.
+
+If using the Lanman1 protocol (the default) then try switching to
+coreplus. Also not that print status error messages don't mean
+printing won't work. The print status is received by a different
+mechanism.
+
+<sect1>My programs install on the server OK, but refuse to work properly<p><label id="programs_wont_run">
+There are numerous possible reasons for this, but one MAJOR
+possibility is that your software uses locking. Make sure you are
+using Samba 1.6.11 or later. It may also be possible to work around
+the problem by setting "locking=no" in the Samba configuration file
+for the service the software is installed on. This should be regarded
+as a strictly temporary solution.
+
+In earlier Samba versions there were some difficulties with the very
+latest Microsoft products, particularly Excel 5 and Word for Windows
+6. These should have all been solved. If not then please let Andrew
+Tridgell know via email at <htmlurl url="mailto:samba-bugs@anu.edu.au" name="samba-bugs@anu.edu.au">.
+
+<sect1>My "server string" doesn't seem to be recognised<p><label id="bad_server_string">
+OR My client reports the default setting, eg. "Samba 1.9.15p4", instead
+of what I have changed it to in the smb.conf file.
+
+You need to use the -C option in nmbd. The "server string" affects
+what smbd puts out and -C affects what nmbd puts out.
+
+Current versions of Samba (1.9.16 +) have combined these options into
+the "server string" field of smb.conf, -C for nmbd is now obsolete.
+
+<sect1>My client reports "This server is not configured to list shared resources" <p> <label id="cant_list_shares">
+Your guest account is probably invalid for some reason. Samba uses the
+guest account for browsing in smbd. Check that your guest account is
+valid.
+
+See also 'guest account' in smb.conf man page.
+
+<sect1>Issues specific to Unix and Unix-like systems<p><label id="UnixIssues">
+
+<sect2>Printing doesn't work with my Unix Samba server<p> <label id="no_printing">
+
+The user "nobody" often has problems with printing, even if it worked
+with an earlier version of Samba. Try creating another guest user other
+than "nobody".
+
+<sect2>Log message "you appear to have a trapdoor uid system" <p><label id="trapdoor_uid">
+This can have several causes. It might be because you are using a uid
+or gid of 65535 or -1. This is a VERY bad idea, and is a big security
+hole. Check carefully in your /etc/passwd file and make sure that no
+user has uid 65535 or -1. Especially check the "nobody" user, as many
+broken systems are shipped with nobody setup with a uid of 65535.
+
+It might also mean that your OS has a trapdoor uid/gid system :-)
+
+This means that once a process changes effective uid from root to
+another user it can't go back to root. Unfortunately Samba relies on
+being able to change effective uid from root to non-root and back
+again to implement its security policy. If your OS has a trapdoor uid
+system this won't work, and several things in Samba may break. Less
+things will break if you use user or server level security instead of
+the default share level security, but you may still strike
+problems.
+
+The problems don't give rise to any security holes, so don't panic,
+but it does mean some of Samba's capabilities will be unavailable.
+In particular you will not be able to connect to the Samba server as
+two different uids at once. This may happen if you try to print as a
+"guest" while accessing a share as a normal user. It may also affect
+your ability to list the available shares as this is normally done as
+the guest user.
+
+Complain to your OS vendor and ask them to fix their system.
+
+Note: the reason why 65535 is a VERY bad choice of uid and gid is that
+it casts to -1 as a uid, and the setreuid() system call ignores (with
+no error) uid changes to -1. This means any daemon attempting to run
+as uid 65535 will actually run as root. This is not good!
+
+<sect1>Issues specific to IBM OS/2 systems<p><label id="OS2Issues">
+
+<url url="http://carol.wins.uva.nl/~leeuw/samba/samba2.html" name="Samba for OS/2">
+
+<sect1>Issues specific to IBM MVS systems<p><label id="MVSIssues">
+
+<url url="ftp://ftp.mks.com/pub/samba/" name="Samba for OS/390 MVS">
+
+<sect1>Issues specific to Digital VMS systems<p><label id="VMSIssues">
+
+<sect1>Issues specific to Amiga systems<p><label id="AmigaIssues">
+
+<url url="http://www.gbar.dtu.dk/~c948374/Amiga/Samba/" name="Samba for Amiga">
+
+There is a mailing list for Samba on the Amiga.
+
+ Subscribing.
+
+ Send an email to rask-samba-request@kampsax.dtu.dk with the word subscribe
+in the message. The list server will use the address in the Reply-To: or
+From: header field, in that order.
+
+ Unsubscribing.
+
+ Send an email to rask-samba-request@kampsax.dtu.dk with the word
+unsubscribe in the message. The list server will use the address in the
+Reply-To: or From: header field, in that order. If you are unsure which
+address you are subscribed with, look at the headers. You should see a
+"From " (no colon) or Return-Path: header looking something like
+
+ rask-samba-owner-myname=my.domain@kampsax.dtu.dk
+
+where myname=my.domain gives you the address myname@my.domain. This also
+means that I will always be able to find out which address is causing
+bounces, for example.
+ List archive.
+
+ Messages sent to the list are archived in HTML. See the mailing list home
+page at <URL url="http://www.gbar.dtu.dk/~c948374/Amiga/Samba/mailinglist/">
+
+<sect1>Issues specific to Novell IntraNetware systems<p><label id="NetwareIssues">
+
+<sect1>Issues specific to Stratos VOS systems<p><label id="NetwareIssues">
+
+<url url="ftp://ftp.stratus.com/pub/vos/tools/" name="Samba for Stratus VOS">
+
+</article>
--- /dev/null
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE> Samba meta FAQ: Quick Reference Guides to Samba Documentation</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+Previous
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc1">Table of Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s1">1. Quick Reference Guides to Samba Documentation</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="quickref"></A>
+</P>
+<P>We are endeavouring to provide links here to every major class of
+information about Samba or things related to Samba. We cannot list every
+document, but we are aiming for all documents to be at most two
+referrals from those listed here. This needs constant maintaining, so
+please send the author your feedback.</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss1.1">1.1 Samba for the Impatient</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="impatient"></A>
+</P>
+<P>You know you should read the documentation but can't wait to start? What
+you need to do then is follow the instructions in the following
+documents in the order given. This should be enough to get a fairly
+simple site going quickly. If you have any problems, refer back to this
+meta-FAQ and follow the links to find more reading material.</P>
+<P>
+<DL>
+<P>
+<A NAME="ImpGet"></A>
+</P>
+<DT><B>Getting Samba:</B><DD><P>The fastest way to get Samba
+going is and install it is to have an operating system for which the
+Samba team has put together an installation package. To see if your OS
+is included have a look at the directory
+/pub/samba/Binary_Packages/"OS_Vendor" on your nearest
+<A HREF="../MIRRORS">mirror site</A>. If it is included follow the
+installation instructions in the README file there and then do some
+<A HREF="#ImpTest">basic testing</A>. If you are not so fortunate, follow the normal
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#WhereFrom">download instructions</A> and then continue with
+<A HREF="#ImpInst">building and installing Samba</A>.</P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="ImpInst"></A>
+</P>
+<DT><B>Building and Installing Samba:</B><DD><P>At the moment
+there are two kinds of Samba server installs besides the prepackaged
+binaries mentioned in the previous step. You need to decide if you have a
+<A HREF="../UNIX_INSTALL.txt">Unix or close relative</A> or
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#PortInfo">other supported operating system</A>.</P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="ImpTest"></A>
+</P>
+<DT><B>Basic Testing:</B><DD><P>Try to connect using the
+supplied smbclient command-line program. You need to know the IP
+hostname of your server. A service name must be defined in smb.conf, as
+given in the examples (under many operating systems if there is a
+<F>homes</F> service you can just use a valid username.) Then type
+<CODE>smbclient \\hostname\servicename</CODE>
+Under most Unixes you will need to put the parameters within quotation
+marks. If this works, try connecting from one of the SMB clients you
+were planning to use with Samba.</P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="ImpDebug"></A>
+</P>
+<DT><B>Debug sequence:</B><DD><P>If you think you have completed the
+previous step and things aren't working properly work through
+<A HREF="../DIAGNOSIS.txt">the diagnosis recipe.</A></P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="ImpExp"></A>
+</P>
+<DT><B>Exporting files to SMB clients:</B><DD><P>You should read the manual pages
+for smb.conf, but here is a
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#Exporting">quick answer guide.</A></P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="ImpControl"></A>
+</P>
+<DT><B>Controlling user access:</B><DD><P>the quickest and dirtiest way of sharing
+resources is to use
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-4.html#ShareModeSecurity">share level security.</A> If you want to spend more time and have a proper username
+and password database you must read the paragraph on
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-4.html#DomainModeSecurity">domain mode security.</A> If you want
+encryption (eg you are using Windows NT clients) follow the
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#SMBEncryptionSteps">SMB encryption instructions.</A></P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="ImpBrowse"></A>
+</P>
+<DT><B>Browsing:</B><DD><P>if you are happy to type in "\\samba-server\sharename"
+at the client end then do not read any further. Otherwise you need to
+understand the
+browsing terminology</A>
+and read
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#NameBrowsing">Samba-Server-FAQ.html#NameBrowsing</A>. </P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="ImpPrint"></A>
+</P>
+<DT><B>Printing:</B><DD><P>See the
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#Printing">printing quick answer guide.</A></P>
+
+</DL>
+</P>
+<P>If you have got everything working to this point, you can expect Samba
+to be stable and secure: these are its greatest strengths. However Samba
+has a great deal to offer and to go further you must do some more
+reading. Speed and security optimisations, printer accounting, network
+logons, roving profiles, browsing across multiple subnets and so on are
+all covered either in this document or in those it refers to.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss1.2">1.2 All Samba Documentation</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="AllDocs"></A>
+</P>
+<P>
+<UL>
+<LI> Meta-FAQ. This is the mother of all documents, and is the one you
+are reading now. The latest version is always at
+<A HREF="http://samba.anu.edu.au/[.....]">http://samba.anu.edu.au/[.....]</A> but there is probably a much
+nearer
+<A HREF="../MIRRORS">mirror site</A> which you should use
+instead.
+</LI>
+<LI>
+<A HREF="Samba-Server-FAQ.html">Samba-Server-FAQ.html</A> is the best starting point for
+information about server-side issues. Includes configuration tips and
+pointers for Samba on particular operating systems (with 40 to choose
+from...)
+</LI>
+<LI>
+<A HREF="Samba-Client-FAQ.html">Samba-Client-FAQ.html</A> is the best starting point for
+information about client-side issues, includes a list of all clients
+that are known to work with Samba.
+</LI>
+<LI>
+<A HREF="samba-man-index.html">manual pages</A> contains
+descriptions of and links to all the Samba manual pages, in Unix man and
+postscript format.
+</LI>
+<LI>
+<A HREF="samba-txt-index.html">samba-txt-index.html</A> has descriptions of and links to
+a large number of text files have been contributed to samba covering
+many topics. These are gradually being absorbed into the FAQs and HOWTOs
+but in the meantime you might find helpful answers here.
+</LI>
+<LI>
+</LI>
+</UL>
+</P>
+
+
+<HR>
+Previous
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc1">Table of Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE> Samba meta FAQ: General Information</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-1.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-3.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc2">Table of Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s2">2. General Information</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="general_info"></A>
+</P>
+<P>All about Samba - what it is, how to get it, related sources of
+information, how to understand the numbering scheme, pizza
+details.</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.1">2.1 What is Samba?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="introduction"></A>
+</P>
+<P>Samba is a suite of programs which work together to allow clients to
+access to a server's filespace and printers via the SMB (Server Message
+Block) and CIFS (Common Internet Filesystem) protocols. Initially
+written for Unix, Samba now also runs on Netware, OS/2, VMS, StratOS and
+Amigas. Ports to BeOS and other operating systems are underway. Samba
+gives the capability for these operating systems to behave much like a
+LAN Server, Windows NT Server or Pathworks machine, only with added
+functionality and flexibility designed to make life easier for
+administrators. </P>
+<P>This means that using Samba you can share a server's disks and printers
+to many sorts of network clients, including Lan Manager, Windows for
+Workgroups, Windows NT, Linux, OS/2, and AIX. There is also a generic
+client program supplied as part of the Samba suite which gives a user on
+the server an ftp-like interface to access filespace and printers on any
+other SMB/CIFS servers.</P>
+<P>SMB has been implemented over many protocols, including XNS, NBT, IPX,
+NetBEUI and TCP/IP. Samba only uses TCP/IP. This is not likely to change
+although there have been some requests for NetBEUI support.</P>
+<P>Many users report that compared to other SMB implementations Samba is
+more stable, faster, and compatible with more clients. Administrators of
+some large installations say that Samba is the only SMB server available
+which will scale to many tens of thousands of users without crashing.
+The easy way to test these claims is to download it and try it for
+yourself!</P>
+<P>The suite is supplied with full source code under the
+<A HREF="../COPYING">GNU Public License</A>. The GPL means that you can
+use Samba for whatever purpose you wish (including changing the source
+or selling it for money) but under all circumstances the source code
+must be made freely available. A copy of the GPL must always be included
+in any copy of the package.</P>
+<P>The primary creator of the Samba suite is Andrew Tridgell. Later
+versions incorporate much effort by many net.helpers. The man pages
+and this FAQ were originally written by Karl Auer.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.2">2.2 What is the current version of Samba?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="current_version"></A>
+</P>
+<P>At time of writing, the current version was 1.9.17. If you want to be
+sure check the bottom of the change-log file.
+<A HREF="ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/alpha/change-log">ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/alpha/change-log</A></P>
+<P>For more information see
+<A HREF="#version_nums">What do the version numbers mean?</A></P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.3">2.3 Where can I get it? </A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="WhereFrom"></A>
+</P>
+<P>The Samba suite is available via anonymous ftp from samba.anu.edu.au and
+many
+<A HREF="../MIRRORS">mirror</A> sites. You will get much
+faster performance if you use a mirror site. The latest and greatest
+versions of the suite are in the directory:</P>
+<P>/pub/samba/</P>
+<P>Development (read "alpha") versions, which are NOT necessarily stable
+and which do NOT necessarily have accurate documentation, are available
+in the directory:</P>
+<P>/pub/samba/alpha</P>
+<P>Note that binaries are NOT included in any of the above. Samba is
+distributed ONLY in source form, though binaries may be available from
+other sites. Most Linux distributions, for example, do contain Samba
+binaries for that platform. The VMS, OS/2, Netware and Amiga and other
+ports typically have binaries made available.</P>
+<P>A special case is vendor-provided binary packages. Samba binaries and
+default configuration files are put into packages for a specific
+operating system. RedHat Linux and Sun Solaris (Sparc and x86) is
+already included, and others such as OS/2 may follow. All packages are
+in the directory:</P>
+<P>/pub/samba/Binary_Packages/"OS_Vendor"</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.4">2.4 What do the version numbers mean?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="version_nums"></A>
+</P>
+<P>It is not recommended that you run a version of Samba with the word
+"alpha" in its name unless you know what you are doing and are willing
+to do some debugging. Many, many people just get the latest
+recommended stable release version and are happy. If you are brave, by
+all means take the plunge and help with the testing and development -
+but don't install it on your departmental server. Samba is typically
+very stable and safe, and this is mostly due to the policy of many
+public releases.</P>
+<P>How the scheme works:</P>
+<P>
+<OL>
+<LI>When major changes are made the version number is increased. For
+example, the transition from 1.9.16 to 1.9.17. However, this version
+number will not appear immediately and people should continue to use
+1.9.15 for production systems (see next point.)
+</LI>
+<LI>Just after major changes are made the software is considered
+unstable, and a series of alpha releases are distributed, for example
+1.9.16alpha1. These are for testing by those who know what they are
+doing. The "alpha" in the filename will hopefully scare off those who
+are just looking for the latest version to install.
+</LI>
+<LI>When Andrew thinks that the alphas have stabilised to the point
+where he would recommend new users install it, he renames it to the
+same version number without the alpha, for example 1.9.17.
+</LI>
+<LI>Inevitably bugs are found in the "stable" releases and minor patch
+levels are released which give us the pXX series, for example 1.9.17p2.
+</LI>
+</OL>
+</P>
+<P>So the progression goes:</P>
+<P>
+<PRE>
+ 1.9.16p10 (production)
+ 1.9.16p11 (production)
+ 1.9.17alpha1 (test sites only)
+ :
+ 1.9.17alpha20 (test sites only)
+ 1.9.17 (production)
+ 1.9.17p1 (production)
+</PRE>
+</P>
+<P>The above system means that whenever someone looks at the samba ftp
+site they will be able to grab the highest numbered release without an
+alpha in the name and be sure of getting the current recommended
+version.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.5">2.5 Where can I go for further information?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="more"></A>
+</P>
+<P>There are a number of places to look for more information on Samba,
+including:</P>
+<P>
+<UL>
+<LI>Two mailing lists devoted to discussion of Samba-related matters.
+See below for subscription information.
+</LI>
+<LI>The newsgroup comp.protocols.smb, which has a great deal of
+discussion about Samba.
+</LI>
+<LI>The WWW site 'SAMBA Web Pages' at
+<A HREF="http://samba.canberra.edu.au/pub/samba/samba.html">http://samba.canberra.edu.au/pub/samba/samba.html</A> includes:
+
+<UL>
+<LI>Links to man pages and documentation, including this FAQ</LI>
+<LI>A comprehensive survey of Samba users</LI>
+<LI>A searchable hypertext archive of the Samba mailing list</LI>
+<LI>Links to Samba source code, binaries, and mirrors of both</LI>
+<LI>This FAQ and the rest in its family</LI>
+</UL>
+
+</LI>
+</UL>
+</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.6">2.6 How do I subscribe to the Samba Mailing Lists?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="mailinglist"></A>
+</P>
+<P>Send email to
+<A HREF="mailto:listproc@samba.anu.edu.au">listproc@samba.anu.edu.au</A>. Make sure the subject line is blank,
+and include the following two lines in the body of the message:</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+subscribe samba Firstname Lastname
+subscribe samba-announce Firstname Lastname
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+<P>Obviously you should substitute YOUR first name for "Firstname" and
+YOUR last name for "Lastname"! Try not to send any signature, it
+sometimes confuses the list processor.</P>
+<P>The samba list is a digest list - every eight hours or so it sends a
+single message containing all the messages that have been received by
+the list since the last time and sends a copy of this message to all
+subscribers. There are thousands of people on this list.</P>
+<P>If you stop being interested in Samba, please send another email to
+<A HREF="mailto:listproc@samba.anu.edu.au">listproc@samba.anu.edu.au</A>. Make sure the subject line is blank, and
+include the following two lines in the body of the message:</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+unsubscribe samba
+unsubscribe samba-announce
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+<P>The <B>From:</B> line in your message <EM>MUST</EM> be the same
+address you used when you subscribed.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.7">2.7 Something's gone wrong - what should I do?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="wrong"></A>
+</P>
+<P><B><F>#</F> *** IMPORTANT! *** <F>#</F></B></P>
+
+<P>DO NOT post messages on mailing lists or in newsgroups until you have
+carried out the first three steps given here!</P>
+<P>
+<OL>
+<LI> See if there are any likely looking entries in this FAQ!
+If you have just installed Samba, have you run through the checklist in
+<A HREF="ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/DIAGNOSIS.txt">DIAGNOSIS.txt</A>? It can save you a lot of time and effort.
+DIAGNOSIS.txt can also be found in the docs directory of the Samba
+distribution.
+</LI>
+<LI> Read the man pages for smbd, nmbd and smb.conf, looking for
+topics that relate to what you are trying to do.
+</LI>
+<LI> If there is no obvious solution to hand, try to get a look at
+the log files for smbd and/or nmbd for the period during which you
+were having problems. You may need to reconfigure the servers to
+provide more extensive debugging information - usually level 2 or
+level 3 provide ample debugging info. Inspect these logs closely,
+looking particularly for the string "Error:".
+</LI>
+<LI> If you need urgent help and are willing to pay for it see
+<A HREF="#PaidSupport">Paid Support</A>.
+</LI>
+</OL>
+</P>
+<P>If you still haven't got anywhere, ask the mailing list or newsgroup. In
+general nobody minds answering questions provided you have followed the
+preceding steps. It might be a good idea to scan the archives of the
+mailing list, which are available through the Samba web site described
+in the previous section. When you post be sure to include a good
+description of your environment and your problem.</P>
+<P>If you successfully solve a problem, please mail the FAQ maintainer a
+succinct description of the symptom, the problem and the solution, so
+that an explanation can be incorporated into the next version.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.8">2.8 How do I submit patches or bug reports?</A></H2>
+
+
+<P>If you make changes to the source code, <EM>please</EM> submit these patches
+so that everyone else gets the benefit of your work. This is one of
+the most important aspects to the maintainence of Samba. Send all
+patches to
+<A HREF="mailto:samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au">samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au</A>. Do not send patches to Andrew Tridgell or any
+other individual, they may be lost if you do.</P>
+<P>Patch format
+------------</P>
+<P>If you are sending a patch to fix a problem then please don't just use
+standard diff format. As an example, samba-bugs received this patch from
+someone:</P>
+<P>382a
+#endif
+..
+381a
+#if !defined(NEWS61)</P>
+<P>How are we supposed to work out what this does and where it goes? These
+sort of patches only work if we both have identical files in the first
+place. The Samba sources are constantly changing at the hands of multiple
+developers, so it doesn't work.</P>
+<P>Please use either context diffs or (even better) unified diffs. You
+get these using "diff -c4" or "diff -u". If you don't have a diff that
+can generate these then please send manualy commented patches to I
+know what is being changed and where. Most patches are applied by hand so
+the info must be clear.</P>
+<P>This is a basic guideline that will assist us with assessing your problem
+more efficiently :</P>
+<P>Machine Arch:
+Machine OS:
+OS Version:
+Kernel:</P>
+<P>Compiler:
+Libc Version:</P>
+<P>Samba Version:</P>
+<P>Network Layout (description):</P>
+<P>What else is on machine (services, etc):</P>
+<P>Some extras :</P>
+<P>
+<UL>
+<LI> what you did and what happened
+</LI>
+<LI> relevant parts of a debugging output file with debuglevel higher.
+If you can't find the relevant parts, please ask before mailing
+huge files.
+</LI>
+<LI> anything else you think is useful to trace down the bug
+</LI>
+</UL>
+</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.9">2.9 What if I have an URGENT message for the developers?</A></H2>
+
+
+<P>If you have spotted something very serious and believe that it is
+important to contact the developers quickly send a message to
+samba-urgent@samba.anu.edu.au. This will be processed more quickly than
+mail to samba-bugs. Please think carefully before using this address. An
+example of its use might be to report a security hole.</P>
+<P>Examples of things <EM>not</EM> to send to samba-urgent include problems
+getting Samba to work at all and bugs that cannot potentially cause damage.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.10">2.10 What if I need paid-for support?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="PaidSupport"></A>
+</P>
+<P>Samba has a large network of consultants who provide Samba support on a
+commercial basis. The list is included in the package in
+<A HREF="../Support.txt">../Support.txt</A>, and the latest version will always be on the main
+samba ftp site. Any company in the world can request that the samba team
+include their details in Support.txt so we can give no guarantee of
+their services.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.11">2.11 Pizza supply details</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="pizza"></A>
+
+Those who have registered in the Samba survey as "Pizza Factory" will
+already know this, but the rest may need some help. Andrew doesn't ask
+for payment, but he does appreciate it when people give him
+pizza. This calls for a little organisation when the pizza donor is
+twenty thousand kilometres away, but it has been done.</P>
+<P>
+<OL>
+<LI> Ring up your local branch of an international pizza chain
+and see if they honour their vouchers internationally. Pizza Hut do,
+which is how the entire Canberra Linux Users Group got to eat pizza
+one night, courtesy of someone in the US.
+</LI>
+<LI>Ring up a local pizza shop in Canberra and quote a credit
+card number for a certain amount, and tell them that Andrew will be
+collecting it (don't forget to tell him.) One kind soul from Germany
+did this.
+</LI>
+<LI>Purchase a pizza voucher from your local pizza shop that has
+no international affiliations and send it to Andrew. It is completely
+useless but he can hang it on the wall next to the one he already has
+from Germany :-)
+</LI>
+<LI>Air freight him a pizza with your favourite regional
+flavours. It will probably get stuck in customs or torn apart by
+hungry sniffer dogs but it will have been a noble gesture.
+</LI>
+</OL>
+</P>
+
+
+<HR>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-1.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-3.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc2">Table of Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE> Samba meta FAQ: About the CIFS and SMB Protocols</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-4.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc3">Table of Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s3">3. About the CIFS and SMB Protocols</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="CifsSmb"></A>
+</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.1">3.1 What is the Server Message Block (SMB) Protocol?</A></H2>
+
+<P>SMB is a filesharing protocol that has had several maintainers and
+contributors over the years including Xerox, 3Com and most recently
+Microsoft. Names for this protocol include LAN Manager and Microsoft
+Networking. Parts of the specification has been made public at several
+versions including in an X/Open document, as listed at
+<A HREF="ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/CIFS/">ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/CIFS/</A>. No specification
+releases were made between 1992 and 1996, and during that period
+Microsoft became the SMB implementor with the largest market share.
+Microsoft developed the specification further for its products but for
+various reasons connected with developer's workload rather than market
+strategy did not make the changes public. This culminated with the
+"Windows NT 0.12" version released with NT 3.5 in 1995 which had significant
+improvements and bugs. Because Microsoft client systems are so popular,
+it is fair to say that what Microsoft with Windows affects all suppliers
+of SMB server products.</P>
+<P>From 1994 Andrew Tridgell began doing some serious work on his
+Smbserver (now Samba) product and with some helpers started to
+implement more and more of these protocols. Samba began to take
+a significant share of the SMB server market.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.2">3.2 What is the Common Internet Filesystem (CIFS)?</A></H2>
+
+<P>The initial pressure for Microsoft to document their current SMB
+implementation came from the Samba team, who kept coming across things
+on the wire that Microsoft either didn't know about or hadn't documented
+anywhere (even in the sourcecode to Windows NT.) Then Sun Microsystems
+came out with their WebNFS initiative, designed to replace FTP for file
+transfers on the Internet. There are many drawbacks to WebNFS (including
+its scope - it aims to replace HTTP as well!) but the concept was
+attractive. FTP is not very clever, and why should it be harder to get
+files from across the world than across the room? </P>
+<P>Some hasty revisions were made and an Internet Draft for the Common
+Internet Filesystem (CIFS) was released. Note that CIFS is not an
+Internet standard and is a very long way from becoming one, BUT the
+protocol specification is in the public domain and ongoing discussions
+concerning the spec take place on a public mailing list according to the
+rules of the Internet Engineering Task Force. For more information and
+pointers see
+<A HREF="http://samba.anu.edu.au/cifs/">http://samba.anu.edu.au/cifs/</A></P>
+<P>The following is taken from
+<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/intdev/cifs/">http://www.microsoft.com/intdev/cifs/</A></P>
+<P>
+<PRE>
+ CIFS defines a standard remote file system access protocol for use
+ over the Internet, enabling groups of users to work together and
+ share documents across the Internet or within their corporate
+ intranets. CIFS is an open, cross-platform technology based on the
+ native file-sharing protocols built into Microsoft® Windows® and
+ other popular PC operating systems, and supported on dozens of
+ other platforms, including UNIX®. With CIFS, millions of computer
+ users can open and share remote files on the Internet without having
+ to install new software or change the way they work."
+</PRE>
+</P>
+<P>If you consider CIFS as a backwardsly-compatible refinement of SMB that
+will work reasonably efficiently over the Internet you won't be too far
+wrong.</P>
+<P>The net effect is that Microsoft is now documenting large parts of their
+Windows NT fileserver protocols. The security concepts embodied in
+Windows NT are part of the specification, which is why Samba
+documentation often talks in terms of Windows NT. However there is no
+reason why a site shouldn't conduct all its file and printer sharing
+with CIFS and yet have no Microsoft products at all.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.3">3.3 What is Browsing? </A></H2>
+
+<P>The term "Browsing" causes a lot of confusion. It is the part of the
+SMB/CIFS protocol which allows for resource discovery. For example, in
+the Windows NT Explorer it is possible to see a "Network Neighbourhood"
+of computers in the same SMB workgroup. Clicking on the name of one of
+these machines brings up a list of file and printer resources for
+connecting to. In this way you can cruise the network, seeing what
+things are available. How this scales to the Internet is a subject for
+debate. Look at the CIFS list archives to see what the experts think.</P>
+
+
+<HR>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-4.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc3">Table of Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE> Samba meta FAQ: Designing A SMB and CIFS Network</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-3.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-5.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc4">Table of Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s4">4. Designing A SMB and CIFS Network</A></H2>
+
+
+<P>The big issues for installing any network of LAN or WAN file and print
+servers are </P>
+<P>
+<UL>
+<LI>How and where usernames, passwords and other security information
+is stored
+</LI>
+<LI>What method can be used for locating the resources that users have
+permission to use
+</LI>
+<LI>What protocols the clients can converse with
+</LI>
+</UL>
+ </P>
+<P>If you buy Netware, Windows NT or just about any other LAN fileserver
+product you are expected to lock yourself into the product's preferred
+answers to these questions. This tendancy is restrictive and often very
+expensive for a site where there is only one kind of client or server,
+and for sites with a mixture of operating systems it often makes it
+impossible to share resources between some sets of users.</P>
+<P>The Samba philosophy is to make things as easy as possible for
+administators, which means allowing as many combinations of clients,
+servers, operating systems and protocols as possible.</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.1">4.1 Workgroups, Domains, Authentication and Browsing</A></H2>
+
+
+<P>From the point of view of networking implementation, Domains and
+Workgroups are <EM>exactly</EM> the same, except for the client logon
+sequence. Some kind of distributed authentication database is associated
+with a domain (there are quite a few choices) and this adds so much
+flexibility that many people think of a domain as a completely different
+entity to a workgroup. From Samba's point of view a client connecting to
+a service presents an authentication token, and it if it is valid they
+have access. Samba does not care what mechanism was used to generate
+that token in the first place.</P>
+<P>The SMB client logging on to a domain has an expectation that every other
+server in the domain should accept the same authentication information.
+However the network browsing functionality of domains and workgroups is
+identical and is explained in
+<A HREF="../BROWSING.txt">../BROWSING.txt</A>.</P>
+<P>There are some implementation differences: Windows 95 can be a member of
+both a workgroup and a domain, but Windows NT cannot. Windows 95 also
+has the concept of an "alternative workgroup". Samba can only be a
+member of a single workgroup or domain, although this is due to change
+with a future version when nmbd will be split into two daemons, one for
+WINS and the other for browsing (
+<A HREF="../NetBIOS.txt">../NetBIOS.txt</A> explains
+what WINS is.)</P>
+
+<H3>Defining the Terms</H3>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="BrowseAndDomainDefs"></A>
+</P>
+<P>
+<DL>
+
+<DT><B>Workgroup</B><DD><P>means a collection of machines that maintain a common
+browsing database containing information about their shared resources.
+They do not necessarily have any security information in common (if they
+do, it gets called a Domain.) The browsing database is dynamic, modified
+as servers come and go on the network and as resources are added or
+deleted. The term "browsing" refers to a user accessing the database via
+whatever interface the client provides, eg the OS/2 Workplace Shell or
+Windows 95 Explorer. SMB servers agree between themselves as to which
+ones will maintain the browsing database. Workgroups can be anywhere on
+a connected TCP/IP network, including on different subnets or even on
+the Interet. This is a very tricky part of SMB to implement.</P>
+
+<DT><B>Master Browsers</B><DD><P>are machines which holds the master browsing
+database for a workgroup or domain. There are two kinds of Master Browser:</P>
+<P>
+<UL>
+<LI> Domain Master Browser, which holds the master browsing
+information for an entire domain, which may well cross multiple TCP/IP
+subnets.
+</LI>
+<LI> Local Master Browser, which holds the master browsing database
+for a particular subnet and communicates with the Domain Master Browser
+to get information on other subnets.
+</LI>
+</UL>
+</P>
+<P>Subnets are differentiated because browsing is based on broadcasts, and
+broadcasts do not pass through routers. Subnets are not routed: while it
+is possible to have more than one subnet on a single network segment
+this is regarded as very bad practice.</P>
+<P>Master Browsers (both Domain and Local) are elected dynamically
+according to an algorithm which is supposed to take into account the
+machine's ability to sustain the browsing load. Samba can be configured
+to always act as a master browser, ie it always wins elections under all
+circumstances, even against systems such as a Windows NT Primary Domain
+Controller which themselves expect to win. </P>
+<P>There are also Backup Browsers which are promoted to Master Browsers in
+the event of a Master Browser disappearing from the network.</P>
+<P>Alternative terms include confusing variations such as "Browse Master",
+and "Master Browser" which we are trying to eliminate from the Samba
+documentation. </P>
+
+<DT><B>Domain Controller</B><DD><P>is a term which comes from the Microsoft and IBM
+etc implementation of the LAN Manager protocols. It is tied to
+authentication. There are other ways of doing domain authentication, but
+the Windows NT method has a large market share. The general issues are
+discussed in
+<A HREF="../DOMAIN.txt">../DOMAIN.txt</A> and a Windows NT-specific
+discussion is in
+<A HREF="../DOMAIN_CONTROL.txt">../DOMAIN_CONTROL.txt</A>.</P>
+
+</DL>
+</P>
+
+<H3>Sharelevel (Workgroup) Security Services</H3>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="ShareModeSecurity"></A>
+</P>
+<P>With the Samba setting "security = SHARE", all shared resources
+information about what password is associated with them but only hints
+as to what usernames might be valid (the hint can be 'all users', in
+which case any username will work. This is usually a bad idea, but
+reflects both the initial implementations of SMB in the mid-80s and
+its reincarnation with Windows for Workgroups in 1992. The idea behind
+workgroup security was that small independant groups of people could
+share information on an ad-hoc basis without there being an
+authentication infrastructure present or requiring them to do more than
+fill in a dialogue box.</P>
+
+<H3>Authentication Domain Mode Services</H3>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="DomainModeSecurity"></A>
+</P>
+<P>With the Samba settings "security = USER" or "security = SERVER"
+accesses to all resources are checked for username/password pair matches
+in a more rigorous manner. To the client, this has the effect of
+emulating a Microsoft Domain. The client is not concerned whether or not
+Samba looks up a Windows NT SAM or does it in some other way.</P>
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.2">4.2 Authentication Schemes</A></H2>
+
+
+<P>In the simple case authentication information is stored on a single
+server and the user types a password on connecting for the first time.
+However client operating systems often require a password before they
+can be used at all, and in addition users usually want access to more
+than one server. Asking users to remember many different passwords in
+different contexts just does not work. Some kind of distributed
+authentication database is needed. It must cope with password changes
+and provide for assigning groups of users the same level of access
+permissions. This is why Samba installations often choose to implement a
+Domain model straight away.</P>
+<P>Authentication decisions are some of the biggest in designing a network.
+Are you going to use a scheme native to the client operating system,
+native to the server operating system, or newly installed on both? A
+list of options relevant to Samba (ie that make sense in the context of
+the SMB protocol) follows. Any experiences with other setups would be
+appreciated. <F>refer to server FAQ for "passwd chat" passwd program
+password server etc etc...</F></P>
+
+<H3>NIS</H3>
+
+
+<P>For Windows 95, Windows for Workgroups and most other clients Samba can
+be a domain controller and share the password database via NIS
+transparently. Windows NT is different.
+<A HREF="http://www.dcs.qmw.ac.uk/~williams">Free NIS NT client</A></P>
+
+<H3>Kerberos</H3>
+
+
+<P>Kerberos for US users only:
+<A HREF="http://www.cygnus.com/product/unifying-security.html">Kerberos overview</A>
+<A HREF="http://www.cygnus.com/product/kerbnet-download.html">Download Kerberos</A></P>
+
+<H3>FTP</H3>
+
+
+<P>Other NT w/s logon hack via NT</P>
+
+<H3>Default Server Method</H3>
+
+
+
+<H3>Client-side Database Only</H3>
+
+
+
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.3">4.3 Post-Authentication: Netlogon, Logon Scripts, Profiles</A></H2>
+
+
+<P>See
+<A HREF="../DOMAIN.txt">../DOMAIN.txt</A></P>
+
+
+<HR>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-3.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-5.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc4">Table of Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE> Samba meta FAQ: Cross-Protocol File Sharing</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-4.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-6.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc5">Table of Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s5">5. Cross-Protocol File Sharing</A></H2>
+
+
+<P>Samba is an important tool for...</P>
+<P>It is possible to...</P>
+<P>File protocol gateways...</P>
+<P>"Setting up a Linux File Server" http://vetrec.mit.edu/people/narf/linux.html</P>
+<P>Two free implementations of Appletalk for Unix are Netatalk,
+<A HREF="http://www.umich.edu/~rsug/netatalk/">http://www.umich.edu/~rsug/netatalk/</A>, and CAP,
+<A HREF="http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/appletalk/atalk.html">http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/appletalk/atalk.html</A>. What Samba offers MS
+Windows users, these packages offer to Macs. For more info on these
+packages, Samba, and Linux (and other UNIX-based systems) see
+<A HREF="http://www.eats.com/linux_mac_win.html">http://www.eats.com/linux_mac_win.html</A> 3.5) Sniffing your nework</P>
+
+
+<HR>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-4.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-6.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc5">Table of Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE> Samba meta FAQ: Miscellaneous</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-5.html">Previous</A>
+Next
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc6">Table of Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s6">6. Miscellaneous</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="miscellaneous"></A>
+</P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss6.1">6.1 Is Samba Year 2000 compliant?</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<A NAME="Year2000Compliant"></A>
+
+The CIFS protocol that Samba implements
+negotiates times in various formats, all of which
+are able to cope with dates beyond 2000.</P>
+
+
+<HR>
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-5.html">Previous</A>
+Next
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ.html#toc6">Table of Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE> Samba meta FAQ</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+Previous
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-1.html">Next</A>
+Table of Contents
+<HR>
+<H1> Samba meta FAQ</H1>
+
+<H2>Dan Shearer & Paul Blackman, <CODE>ictinus@lake.canberra.edu.au</CODE></H2>v 0.1, 23 Aug '97
+<P><HR><EM> This is the meta-Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document
+for Samba, the free and very popular SMB and CIFS server product. It
+contains overview information for the Samba suite of programs, a
+quick-start guide, and pointers to all other Samba documentation. Other
+FAQs exist for specific client and server issues, and HOWTO documents
+for more extended topics to do with Samba software. Current to version
+Samba 1.9.17. Please send any corrections to the author. </EM><HR></P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc1">1.</A> <A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-1.html">Quick Reference Guides to Samba Documentation</A></H2>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-1.html#ss1.1">1.1 Samba for the Impatient</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-1.html#ss1.2">1.2 All Samba Documentation</A>
+</UL>
+
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc2">2.</A> <A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html">General Information</A></H2>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#ss2.1">2.1 What is Samba?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#ss2.2">2.2 What is the current version of Samba?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#ss2.3">2.3 Where can I get it? </A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#ss2.4">2.4 What do the version numbers mean?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#ss2.5">2.5 Where can I go for further information?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#ss2.6">2.6 How do I subscribe to the Samba Mailing Lists?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#ss2.7">2.7 Something's gone wrong - what should I do?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#ss2.8">2.8 How do I submit patches or bug reports?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#ss2.9">2.9 What if I have an URGENT message for the developers?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#ss2.10">2.10 What if I need paid-for support?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-2.html#ss2.11">2.11 Pizza supply details</A>
+</UL>
+
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc3">3.</A> <A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-3.html">About the CIFS and SMB Protocols</A></H2>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-3.html#ss3.1">3.1 What is the Server Message Block (SMB) Protocol?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-3.html#ss3.2">3.2 What is the Common Internet Filesystem (CIFS)?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-3.html#ss3.3">3.3 What is Browsing? </A>
+</UL>
+
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc4">4.</A> <A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-4.html">Designing A SMB and CIFS Network</A></H2>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-4.html#ss4.1">4.1 Workgroups, Domains, Authentication and Browsing</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-4.html#ss4.2">4.2 Authentication Schemes</A>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-4.html#ss4.3">4.3 Post-Authentication: Netlogon, Logon Scripts, Profiles</A>
+</UL>
+
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc5">5.</A> <A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-5.html">Cross-Protocol File Sharing</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc6">6.</A> <A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-6.html">Miscellaneous</A></H2>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-6.html#ss6.1">6.1 Is Samba Year 2000 compliant?</A>
+</UL>
+
+
+<HR>
+Previous
+<A HREF="Samba-meta-FAQ-1.html">Next</A>
+Table of Contents
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+<!doctype linuxdoc system> <!-- -*- SGML -*- -->
+<!--
+ v 0.1 23 Aug 1997 Dan Shearer
+ Original Samba-meta-FAQ.sgml from Paul's sambafaq.sgml
+ v 0.2 25 Aug 1997 Dan
+-->
+
+<article>
+
+<title> Samba meta FAQ
+
+<author>Dan Shearer & Paul Blackman, <tt>ictinus@lake.canberra.edu.au</tt>
+
+<date>v 0.1, 23 Aug '97
+
+<abstract> This is the meta-Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document
+for Samba, the free and very popular SMB and CIFS server product. It
+contains overview information for the Samba suite of programs, a
+quick-start guide, and pointers to all other Samba documentation. Other
+FAQs exist for specific client and server issues, and HOWTO documents
+for more extended topics to do with Samba software. Current to version
+Samba 1.9.17. Please send any corrections to the author.
+</abstract>
+
+<toc>
+
+<sect> Quick Reference Guides to Samba Documentation<p><label id=quickref>
+
+We are endeavouring to provide links here to every major class of
+information about Samba or things related to Samba. We cannot list every
+document, but we are aiming for all documents to be at most two
+referrals from those listed here. This needs constant maintaining, so
+please send the author your feedback.
+
+<sect1> Samba for the Impatient<p><label id="impatient">
+
+You know you should read the documentation but can't wait to start? What
+you need to do then is follow the instructions in the following
+documents in the order given. This should be enough to get a fairly
+simple site going quickly. If you have any problems, refer back to this
+meta-FAQ and follow the links to find more reading material.
+
+<descrip>
+
+<label id="ImpGet"><tag/Getting Samba:/ The fastest way to get Samba
+going is and install it is to have an operating system for which the
+Samba team has put together an installation package. To see if your OS
+is included have a look at the directory
+/pub/samba/Binary_Packages/"OS_Vendor" on your nearest <url
+url="../MIRRORS" name="mirror site">. If it is included follow the
+installation instructions in the README file there and then do some <ref id="ImpTest"
+name="basic testing">. If you are not so fortunate, follow the normal <ref
+id="WhereFrom" name="download instructions"> and then continue with <ref
+id="ImpInst" name="building and installing Samba">.
+
+<label id="ImpInst"><tag/Building and Installing Samba:/ At the moment
+there are two kinds of Samba server installs besides the prepackaged
+binaries mentioned in the previous step. You need to decide if you have a <url url="../UNIX_INSTALL.txt"
+name="Unix or close relative"> or <url
+url="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#PortInfo" name="other supported operating system">.
+
+<label id="ImpTest"><tag/Basic Testing:/ Try to connect using the
+supplied smbclient command-line program. You need to know the IP
+hostname of your server. A service name must be defined in smb.conf, as
+given in the examples (under many operating systems if there is a
+[homes] service you can just use a valid username.) Then type
+<tt>
+ smbclient \\hostname\servicename
+</tt>
+Under most Unixes you will need to put the parameters within quotation
+marks. If this works, try connecting from one of the SMB clients you
+were planning to use with Samba.
+
+<label id="ImpDebug"><tag/Debug sequence:/ If you think you have completed the
+previous step and things aren't working properly work through
+<url url="../DIAGNOSIS.txt" name="the diagnosis recipe.">
+
+<label id="ImpExp"><tag/Exporting files to SMB clients:/ You should read the manual pages
+for smb.conf, but here is a <url url="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#Exporting"
+name="quick answer guide.">
+
+<label id="ImpControl"><tag/Controlling user access:/ the quickest and dirtiest way of sharing
+resources is to use <ref id="ShareModeSecurity" name="share level
+security."> If you want to spend more time and have a proper username
+and password database you must read the paragraph on <ref
+id="DomainModeSecurity" name="domain mode security."> If you want
+encryption (eg you are using Windows NT clients) follow the <url
+url="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#SMBEncryptionSteps" name="SMB encryption
+instructions.">
+
+<label id="ImpBrowse"><tag/Browsing:/ if you are happy to type in "\\samba-server\sharename"
+at the client end then do not read any further. Otherwise you need to
+understand the <ref id="BrowsingDefinitions" name="browsing terminology">
+and read <url url="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#NameBrowsing">.
+
+<label id="ImpPrint"><tag/Printing:/ See the <url url="Samba-Server-FAQ.html#Printing"
+name="printing quick answer guide.">
+
+</descrip>
+
+If you have got everything working to this point, you can expect Samba
+to be stable and secure: these are its greatest strengths. However Samba
+has a great deal to offer and to go further you must do some more
+reading. Speed and security optimisations, printer accounting, network
+logons, roving profiles, browsing across multiple subnets and so on are
+all covered either in this document or in those it refers to.
+
+<sect1> All Samba Documentation<p><label id=AllDocs>
+
+<itemize>
+
+<item> Meta-FAQ. This is the mother of all documents, and is the one you
+are reading now. The latest version is always at <url
+url="http://samba.anu.edu.au/[.....]"> but there is probably a much
+nearer <url url="../MIRRORS" name="mirror site"> which you should use
+instead.
+
+<item> <url url="Samba-Server-FAQ.html"> is the best starting point for
+information about server-side issues. Includes configuration tips and
+pointers for Samba on particular operating systems (with 40 to choose
+from...)
+
+<item> <url url="Samba-Client-FAQ.html"> is the best starting point for
+information about client-side issues, includes a list of all clients
+that are known to work with Samba.
+
+<item> <url url="samba-man-index.html" name="manual pages"> contains
+descriptions of and links to all the Samba manual pages, in Unix man and
+postscript format.
+
+<item> <url url="samba-txt-index.html"> has descriptions of and links to
+a large number of text files have been contributed to samba covering
+many topics. These are gradually being absorbed into the FAQs and HOWTOs
+but in the meantime you might find helpful answers here.
+
+<item>
+
+</itemize>
+
+<sect> General Information<p><label id="general_info">
+
+All about Samba - what it is, how to get it, related sources of
+information, how to understand the numbering scheme, pizza
+details.
+
+<sect1> What is Samba?<p><label id="introduction">
+
+Samba is a suite of programs which work together to allow clients to
+access to a server's filespace and printers via the SMB (Server Message
+Block) and CIFS (Common Internet Filesystem) protocols. Initially
+written for Unix, Samba now also runs on Netware, OS/2, VMS, StratOS and
+Amigas. Ports to BeOS and other operating systems are underway. Samba
+gives the capability for these operating systems to behave much like a
+LAN Server, Windows NT Server or Pathworks machine, only with added
+functionality and flexibility designed to make life easier for
+administrators.
+
+This means that using Samba you can share a server's disks and printers
+to many sorts of network clients, including Lan Manager, Windows for
+Workgroups, Windows NT, Linux, OS/2, and AIX. There is also a generic
+client program supplied as part of the Samba suite which gives a user on
+the server an ftp-like interface to access filespace and printers on any
+other SMB/CIFS servers.
+
+SMB has been implemented over many protocols, including XNS, NBT, IPX,
+NetBEUI and TCP/IP. Samba only uses TCP/IP. This is not likely to change
+although there have been some requests for NetBEUI support.
+
+Many users report that compared to other SMB implementations Samba is
+more stable, faster, and compatible with more clients. Administrators of
+some large installations say that Samba is the only SMB server available
+which will scale to many tens of thousands of users without crashing.
+The easy way to test these claims is to download it and try it for
+yourself!
+
+The suite is supplied with full source code under the <url
+url="../COPYING" name="GNU Public License">. The GPL means that you can
+use Samba for whatever purpose you wish (including changing the source
+or selling it for money) but under all circumstances the source code
+must be made freely available. A copy of the GPL must always be included
+in any copy of the package.
+
+The primary creator of the Samba suite is Andrew Tridgell. Later
+versions incorporate much effort by many net.helpers. The man pages
+and this FAQ were originally written by Karl Auer.
+
+<sect1> What is the current version of Samba?<p><label id="current_version">
+
+At time of writing, the current version was 1.9.17. If you want to be
+sure check the bottom of the change-log file. <url url="ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/alpha/change-log">
+
+For more information see <ref id="version_nums" name="What do the version numbers mean?">
+
+<sect1> Where can I get it? <p><label id="WhereFrom">
+
+The Samba suite is available via anonymous ftp from samba.anu.edu.au and
+many <url url="../MIRRORS" name="mirror"> sites. You will get much
+faster performance if you use a mirror site. The latest and greatest
+versions of the suite are in the directory:
+
+/pub/samba/
+
+Development (read "alpha") versions, which are NOT necessarily stable
+and which do NOT necessarily have accurate documentation, are available
+in the directory:
+
+/pub/samba/alpha
+
+Note that binaries are NOT included in any of the above. Samba is
+distributed ONLY in source form, though binaries may be available from
+other sites. Most Linux distributions, for example, do contain Samba
+binaries for that platform. The VMS, OS/2, Netware and Amiga and other
+ports typically have binaries made available.
+
+A special case is vendor-provided binary packages. Samba binaries and
+default configuration files are put into packages for a specific
+operating system. RedHat Linux and Sun Solaris (Sparc and x86) is
+already included, and others such as OS/2 may follow. All packages are
+in the directory:
+
+/pub/samba/Binary_Packages/"OS_Vendor"
+
+<sect1>What do the version numbers mean?<p><label id="version_nums">
+
+It is not recommended that you run a version of Samba with the word
+"alpha" in its name unless you know what you are doing and are willing
+to do some debugging. Many, many people just get the latest
+recommended stable release version and are happy. If you are brave, by
+all means take the plunge and help with the testing and development -
+but don't install it on your departmental server. Samba is typically
+very stable and safe, and this is mostly due to the policy of many
+public releases.
+
+How the scheme works:
+
+<enum>
+
+<item>When major changes are made the version number is increased. For
+example, the transition from 1.9.16 to 1.9.17. However, this version
+number will not appear immediately and people should continue to use
+1.9.15 for production systems (see next point.)
+
+<item>Just after major changes are made the software is considered
+unstable, and a series of alpha releases are distributed, for example
+1.9.16alpha1. These are for testing by those who know what they are
+doing. The "alpha" in the filename will hopefully scare off those who
+are just looking for the latest version to install.
+
+<item>When Andrew thinks that the alphas have stabilised to the point
+where he would recommend new users install it, he renames it to the
+same version number without the alpha, for example 1.9.17.
+
+<item>Inevitably bugs are found in the "stable" releases and minor patch
+levels are released which give us the pXX series, for example 1.9.17p2.
+
+</enum>
+
+So the progression goes:
+
+<verb>
+ 1.9.16p10 (production)
+ 1.9.16p11 (production)
+ 1.9.17alpha1 (test sites only)
+ :
+ 1.9.17alpha20 (test sites only)
+ 1.9.17 (production)
+ 1.9.17p1 (production)
+</verb>
+
+The above system means that whenever someone looks at the samba ftp
+site they will be able to grab the highest numbered release without an
+alpha in the name and be sure of getting the current recommended
+version.
+
+<sect1> Where can I go for further information?<p><label id="more">
+
+There are a number of places to look for more information on Samba,
+including:
+
+<itemize>
+
+<item>Two mailing lists devoted to discussion of Samba-related matters.
+See below for subscription information.
+
+<item>The newsgroup comp.protocols.smb, which has a great deal of
+discussion about Samba.
+
+<item>The WWW site 'SAMBA Web Pages' at <url
+url="http://samba.canberra.edu.au/pub/samba/samba.html"> includes:
+
+ <itemize>
+ <item>Links to man pages and documentation, including this FAQ
+ <item>A comprehensive survey of Samba users
+ <item>A searchable hypertext archive of the Samba mailing list
+ <item>Links to Samba source code, binaries, and mirrors of both
+ <item>This FAQ and the rest in its family
+ </itemize>
+
+</itemize>
+
+<sect1>How do I subscribe to the Samba Mailing Lists?<p><label id="mailinglist">
+
+Send email to <htmlurl url="mailto:listproc@samba.anu.edu.au"
+name="listproc@samba.anu.edu.au">. Make sure the subject line is blank,
+and include the following two lines in the body of the message:
+
+<tscreen><verb>
+subscribe samba Firstname Lastname
+subscribe samba-announce Firstname Lastname
+</verb></tscreen>
+
+Obviously you should substitute YOUR first name for "Firstname" and
+YOUR last name for "Lastname"! Try not to send any signature, it
+sometimes confuses the list processor.
+
+The samba list is a digest list - every eight hours or so it sends a
+single message containing all the messages that have been received by
+the list since the last time and sends a copy of this message to all
+subscribers. There are thousands of people on this list.
+
+If you stop being interested in Samba, please send another email to
+<htmlurl url="mailto:listproc@samba.anu.edu.au" name="listproc@samba.anu.edu.au">. Make sure the subject line is blank, and
+include the following two lines in the body of the message:
+
+<tscreen><verb>
+unsubscribe samba
+unsubscribe samba-announce
+</verb></tscreen>
+
+The <bf>From:</bf> line in your message <em>MUST</em> be the same
+address you used when you subscribed.
+
+<sect1> Something's gone wrong - what should I do?<p><label id="wrong">
+
+<bf>[#] *** IMPORTANT! *** [#]</bf>
+<p>
+
+DO NOT post messages on mailing lists or in newsgroups until you have
+carried out the first three steps given here!
+
+<enum> <item> See if there are any likely looking entries in this FAQ!
+If you have just installed Samba, have you run through the checklist in
+<url url="ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/DIAGNOSIS.txt"
+name="DIAGNOSIS.txt">? It can save you a lot of time and effort.
+DIAGNOSIS.txt can also be found in the docs directory of the Samba
+distribution.
+
+<item> Read the man pages for smbd, nmbd and smb.conf, looking for
+topics that relate to what you are trying to do.
+
+<item> If there is no obvious solution to hand, try to get a look at
+the log files for smbd and/or nmbd for the period during which you
+were having problems. You may need to reconfigure the servers to
+provide more extensive debugging information - usually level 2 or
+level 3 provide ample debugging info. Inspect these logs closely,
+looking particularly for the string "Error:".
+
+<item> If you need urgent help and are willing to pay for it see
+<ref id="PaidSupport" name="Paid Support">.
+
+</enum>
+
+If you still haven't got anywhere, ask the mailing list or newsgroup. In
+general nobody minds answering questions provided you have followed the
+preceding steps. It might be a good idea to scan the archives of the
+mailing list, which are available through the Samba web site described
+in the previous section. When you post be sure to include a good
+description of your environment and your problem.
+
+If you successfully solve a problem, please mail the FAQ maintainer a
+succinct description of the symptom, the problem and the solution, so
+that an explanation can be incorporated into the next version.
+
+<sect1> How do I submit patches or bug reports?<p>
+
+If you make changes to the source code, <em>please</em> submit these patches
+so that everyone else gets the benefit of your work. This is one of
+the most important aspects to the maintainence of Samba. Send all
+patches to <htmlurl url="mailto:samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au" name="samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au">. Do not send patches to Andrew Tridgell or any
+other individual, they may be lost if you do.
+
+Patch format
+------------
+
+If you are sending a patch to fix a problem then please don't just use
+standard diff format. As an example, samba-bugs received this patch from
+someone:
+
+382a
+#endif
+..
+381a
+#if !defined(NEWS61)
+
+How are we supposed to work out what this does and where it goes? These
+sort of patches only work if we both have identical files in the first
+place. The Samba sources are constantly changing at the hands of multiple
+developers, so it doesn't work.
+
+Please use either context diffs or (even better) unified diffs. You
+get these using "diff -c4" or "diff -u". If you don't have a diff that
+can generate these then please send manualy commented patches to I
+know what is being changed and where. Most patches are applied by hand so
+the info must be clear.
+
+This is a basic guideline that will assist us with assessing your problem
+more efficiently :
+
+Machine Arch:
+Machine OS:
+OS Version:
+Kernel:
+
+Compiler:
+Libc Version:
+
+Samba Version:
+
+Network Layout (description):
+
+What else is on machine (services, etc):
+
+Some extras :
+
+<itemize>
+
+<item> what you did and what happened
+
+<item> relevant parts of a debugging output file with debuglevel higher.
+ If you can't find the relevant parts, please ask before mailing
+ huge files.
+
+<item> anything else you think is useful to trace down the bug
+
+</itemize>
+
+<sect1> What if I have an URGENT message for the developers?<p>
+
+If you have spotted something very serious and believe that it is
+important to contact the developers quickly send a message to
+samba-urgent@samba.anu.edu.au. This will be processed more quickly than
+mail to samba-bugs. Please think carefully before using this address. An
+example of its use might be to report a security hole.
+
+Examples of things <em>not</em> to send to samba-urgent include problems
+getting Samba to work at all and bugs that cannot potentially cause damage.
+
+<sect1> What if I need paid-for support?<p><label id=PaidSupport>
+
+Samba has a large network of consultants who provide Samba support on a
+commercial basis. The list is included in the package in <url
+url="../Support.txt">, and the latest version will always be on the main
+samba ftp site. Any company in the world can request that the samba team
+include their details in Support.txt so we can give no guarantee of
+their services.
+
+<sect1> Pizza supply details<p><label id="pizza">
+Those who have registered in the Samba survey as "Pizza Factory" will
+already know this, but the rest may need some help. Andrew doesn't ask
+for payment, but he does appreciate it when people give him
+pizza. This calls for a little organisation when the pizza donor is
+twenty thousand kilometres away, but it has been done.
+
+<enum>
+<item> Ring up your local branch of an international pizza chain
+and see if they honour their vouchers internationally. Pizza Hut do,
+which is how the entire Canberra Linux Users Group got to eat pizza
+one night, courtesy of someone in the US.
+
+<item>Ring up a local pizza shop in Canberra and quote a credit
+card number for a certain amount, and tell them that Andrew will be
+collecting it (don't forget to tell him.) One kind soul from Germany
+did this.
+
+<item>Purchase a pizza voucher from your local pizza shop that has
+no international affiliations and send it to Andrew. It is completely
+useless but he can hang it on the wall next to the one he already has
+from Germany :-)
+
+<item>Air freight him a pizza with your favourite regional
+flavours. It will probably get stuck in customs or torn apart by
+hungry sniffer dogs but it will have been a noble gesture.
+
+</enum>
+
+<sect>About the CIFS and SMB Protocols<p><label id="CifsSmb">
+
+<sect1> What is the Server Message Block (SMB) Protocol?<p>
+SMB is a filesharing protocol that has had several maintainers and
+contributors over the years including Xerox, 3Com and most recently
+Microsoft. Names for this protocol include LAN Manager and Microsoft
+Networking. Parts of the specification has been made public at several
+versions including in an X/Open document, as listed at
+<url url="ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/CIFS/">. No specification
+releases were made between 1992 and 1996, and during that period
+Microsoft became the SMB implementor with the largest market share.
+Microsoft developed the specification further for its products but for
+various reasons connected with developer's workload rather than market
+strategy did not make the changes public. This culminated with the
+"Windows NT 0.12" version released with NT 3.5 in 1995 which had significant
+improvements and bugs. Because Microsoft client systems are so popular,
+it is fair to say that what Microsoft with Windows affects all suppliers
+of SMB server products.
+
+From 1994 Andrew Tridgell began doing some serious work on his
+Smbserver (now Samba) product and with some helpers started to
+implement more and more of these protocols. Samba began to take
+a significant share of the SMB server market.
+
+<sect1> What is the Common Internet Filesystem (CIFS)?<p>
+The initial pressure for Microsoft to document their current SMB
+implementation came from the Samba team, who kept coming across things
+on the wire that Microsoft either didn't know about or hadn't documented
+anywhere (even in the sourcecode to Windows NT.) Then Sun Microsystems
+came out with their WebNFS initiative, designed to replace FTP for file
+transfers on the Internet. There are many drawbacks to WebNFS (including
+its scope - it aims to replace HTTP as well!) but the concept was
+attractive. FTP is not very clever, and why should it be harder to get
+files from across the world than across the room?
+
+Some hasty revisions were made and an Internet Draft for the Common
+Internet Filesystem (CIFS) was released. Note that CIFS is not an
+Internet standard and is a very long way from becoming one, BUT the
+protocol specification is in the public domain and ongoing discussions
+concerning the spec take place on a public mailing list according to the
+rules of the Internet Engineering Task Force. For more information and
+pointers see <url url="http://samba.anu.edu.au/cifs/">
+
+The following is taken from <url url="http://www.microsoft.com/intdev/cifs/">
+
+<verb>
+ CIFS defines a standard remote file system access protocol for use
+ over the Internet, enabling groups of users to work together and
+ share documents across the Internet or within their corporate
+ intranets. CIFS is an open, cross-platform technology based on the
+ native file-sharing protocols built into Microsoft® Windows® and
+ other popular PC operating systems, and supported on dozens of
+ other platforms, including UNIX®. With CIFS, millions of computer
+ users can open and share remote files on the Internet without having
+ to install new software or change the way they work."
+</verb>
+
+If you consider CIFS as a backwardsly-compatible refinement of SMB that
+will work reasonably efficiently over the Internet you won't be too far
+wrong.
+
+The net effect is that Microsoft is now documenting large parts of their
+Windows NT fileserver protocols. The security concepts embodied in
+Windows NT are part of the specification, which is why Samba
+documentation often talks in terms of Windows NT. However there is no
+reason why a site shouldn't conduct all its file and printer sharing
+with CIFS and yet have no Microsoft products at all.
+
+<sect1> What is Browsing? <p>
+The term "Browsing" causes a lot of confusion. It is the part of the
+SMB/CIFS protocol which allows for resource discovery. For example, in
+the Windows NT Explorer it is possible to see a "Network Neighbourhood"
+of computers in the same SMB workgroup. Clicking on the name of one of
+these machines brings up a list of file and printer resources for
+connecting to. In this way you can cruise the network, seeing what
+things are available. How this scales to the Internet is a subject for
+debate. Look at the CIFS list archives to see what the experts think.
+
+<sect>Designing A SMB and CIFS Network<p>
+
+The big issues for installing any network of LAN or WAN file and print
+servers are
+
+<itemize>
+
+<item>How and where usernames, passwords and other security information
+is stored
+
+<item>What method can be used for locating the resources that users have
+permission to use
+
+<item>What protocols the clients can converse with
+
+</itemize>
+
+If you buy Netware, Windows NT or just about any other LAN fileserver
+product you are expected to lock yourself into the product's preferred
+answers to these questions. This tendancy is restrictive and often very
+expensive for a site where there is only one kind of client or server,
+and for sites with a mixture of operating systems it often makes it
+impossible to share resources between some sets of users.
+
+The Samba philosophy is to make things as easy as possible for
+administators, which means allowing as many combinations of clients,
+servers, operating systems and protocols as possible.
+
+<sect1>Workgroups, Domains, Authentication and Browsing<p>
+
+From the point of view of networking implementation, Domains and
+Workgroups are <em>exactly</em> the same, except for the client logon
+sequence. Some kind of distributed authentication database is associated
+with a domain (there are quite a few choices) and this adds so much
+flexibility that many people think of a domain as a completely different
+entity to a workgroup. From Samba's point of view a client connecting to
+a service presents an authentication token, and it if it is valid they
+have access. Samba does not care what mechanism was used to generate
+that token in the first place.
+
+The SMB client logging on to a domain has an expectation that every other
+server in the domain should accept the same authentication information.
+However the network browsing functionality of domains and workgroups is
+identical and is explained in <url url="../BROWSING.txt">.
+
+There are some implementation differences: Windows 95 can be a member of
+both a workgroup and a domain, but Windows NT cannot. Windows 95 also
+has the concept of an "alternative workgroup". Samba can only be a
+member of a single workgroup or domain, although this is due to change
+with a future version when nmbd will be split into two daemons, one for
+WINS and the other for browsing (<url url="../NetBIOS.txt"> explains
+what WINS is.)
+
+<sect2> Defining the Terms<p><label id="BrowseAndDomainDefs">
+
+<descrip>
+
+<tag/Workgroup/ means a collection of machines that maintain a common
+browsing database containing information about their shared resources.
+They do not necessarily have any security information in common (if they
+do, it gets called a Domain.) The browsing database is dynamic, modified
+as servers come and go on the network and as resources are added or
+deleted. The term "browsing" refers to a user accessing the database via
+whatever interface the client provides, eg the OS/2 Workplace Shell or
+Windows 95 Explorer. SMB servers agree between themselves as to which
+ones will maintain the browsing database. Workgroups can be anywhere on
+a connected TCP/IP network, including on different subnets or even on
+the Interet. This is a very tricky part of SMB to implement.
+
+<tag/Master Browsers/ are machines which holds the master browsing
+database for a workgroup or domain. There are two kinds of Master Browser:
+
+<itemize>
+
+<item> Domain Master Browser, which holds the master browsing
+information for an entire domain, which may well cross multiple TCP/IP
+subnets.
+
+<item> Local Master Browser, which holds the master browsing database
+for a particular subnet and communicates with the Domain Master Browser
+to get information on other subnets.
+
+</itemize>
+
+Subnets are differentiated because browsing is based on broadcasts, and
+broadcasts do not pass through routers. Subnets are not routed: while it
+is possible to have more than one subnet on a single network segment
+this is regarded as very bad practice.
+
+Master Browsers (both Domain and Local) are elected dynamically
+according to an algorithm which is supposed to take into account the
+machine's ability to sustain the browsing load. Samba can be configured
+to always act as a master browser, ie it always wins elections under all
+circumstances, even against systems such as a Windows NT Primary Domain
+Controller which themselves expect to win.
+
+There are also Backup Browsers which are promoted to Master Browsers in
+the event of a Master Browser disappearing from the network.
+
+Alternative terms include confusing variations such as "Browse Master",
+and "Master Browser" which we are trying to eliminate from the Samba
+documentation.
+
+<tag/Domain Controller/ is a term which comes from the Microsoft and IBM
+etc implementation of the LAN Manager protocols. It is tied to
+authentication. There are other ways of doing domain authentication, but
+the Windows NT method has a large market share. The general issues are
+discussed in <url url="../DOMAIN.txt"> and a Windows NT-specific
+discussion is in <url url="../DOMAIN_CONTROL.txt">.
+
+</descrip>
+
+<sect2>Sharelevel (Workgroup) Security Services<p><label id="ShareModeSecurity">
+
+With the Samba setting "security = SHARE", all shared resources
+information about what password is associated with them but only hints
+as to what usernames might be valid (the hint can be 'all users', in
+which case any username will work. This is usually a bad idea, but
+reflects both the initial implementations of SMB in the mid-80s and
+its reincarnation with Windows for Workgroups in 1992. The idea behind
+workgroup security was that small independant groups of people could
+share information on an ad-hoc basis without there being an
+authentication infrastructure present or requiring them to do more than
+fill in a dialogue box.
+
+<sect2>Authentication Domain Mode Services<p><label id="DomainModeSecurity">
+
+With the Samba settings "security = USER" or "security = SERVER"
+accesses to all resources are checked for username/password pair matches
+in a more rigorous manner. To the client, this has the effect of
+emulating a Microsoft Domain. The client is not concerned whether or not
+Samba looks up a Windows NT SAM or does it in some other way.
+
+<sect1>Authentication Schemes<p>
+
+In the simple case authentication information is stored on a single
+server and the user types a password on connecting for the first time.
+However client operating systems often require a password before they
+can be used at all, and in addition users usually want access to more
+than one server. Asking users to remember many different passwords in
+different contexts just does not work. Some kind of distributed
+authentication database is needed. It must cope with password changes
+and provide for assigning groups of users the same level of access
+permissions. This is why Samba installations often choose to implement a
+Domain model straight away.
+
+Authentication decisions are some of the biggest in designing a network.
+Are you going to use a scheme native to the client operating system,
+native to the server operating system, or newly installed on both? A
+list of options relevant to Samba (ie that make sense in the context of
+the SMB protocol) follows. Any experiences with other setups would be
+appreciated. [refer to server FAQ for "passwd chat" passwd program
+password server etc etc...]
+
+<sect2>NIS<p>
+
+For Windows 95, Windows for Workgroups and most other clients Samba can
+be a domain controller and share the password database via NIS
+transparently. Windows NT is different.
+<url url="http://www.dcs.qmw.ac.uk/~williams" name="Free NIS NT client">
+
+<sect2>Kerberos<p>
+
+Kerberos for US users only:
+<url url="http://www.cygnus.com/product/unifying-security.html"
+name="Kerberos overview">
+<url url="http://www.cygnus.com/product/kerbnet-download.html"
+name="Download Kerberos">
+
+<sect2>FTP<p>
+
+Other NT w/s logon hack via NT
+
+<sect2>Default Server Method<p>
+
+<sect2>Client-side Database Only<p>
+
+<sect1>Post-Authentication: Netlogon, Logon Scripts, Profiles<p>
+
+See <url url="../DOMAIN.txt">
+
+<sect>Cross-Protocol File Sharing<p>
+
+Samba is an important tool for...
+
+It is possible to...
+
+File protocol gateways...
+
+"Setting up a Linux File Server" http://vetrec.mit.edu/people/narf/linux.html
+
+Two free implementations of Appletalk for Unix are Netatalk, <url
+url="http://www.umich.edu/~rsug/netatalk/">, and CAP, <url
+url="http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/appletalk/atalk.html">. What Samba offers MS
+Windows users, these packages offer to Macs. For more info on these
+packages, Samba, and Linux (and other UNIX-based systems) see <url
+url="http://www.eats.com/linux_mac_win.html"> 3.5) Sniffing your nework
+
+
+<sect>Miscellaneous<p><label id="miscellaneous">
+<sect1>Is Samba Year 2000 compliant?<p><label id="Year2000Compliant">
+The CIFS protocol that Samba implements
+negotiates times in various formats, all of which
+are able to cope with dates beyond 2000.
+
+</article>
--- /dev/null
+ Samba meta FAQ
+ Dan Shearer & Paul Blackman, ictinus@lake.canberra.edu.au
+ v 0.1, 23 Aug '97
+
+ This is the meta-Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document for Samba,
+ the free and very popular SMB and CIFS server product. It contains
+ overview information for the Samba suite of programs, a quick-start
+ guide, and pointers to all other Samba documentation. Other FAQs exist
+ for specific client and server issues, and HOWTO documents for more
+ extended topics to do with Samba software. Current to version Samba
+ 1.9.17. Please send any corrections to the author.
+ ______________________________________________________________________
+
+ Table of Contents:
+
+ 1. Quick Reference Guides to Samba Documentation
+
+ 1.1. Samba for the Impatient
+
+ 1.2. All Samba Documentation
+
+ 2. General Information
+
+ 2.1. What is Samba?
+
+ 2.2. What is the current version of Samba?
+
+ 2.3. Where can I get it?
+
+ 2.4. What do the version numbers mean?
+
+ 2.5. Where can I go for further information?
+
+ 2.6. How do I subscribe to the Samba Mailing Lists?
+
+ 2.7. Something's gone wrong - what should I do?
+
+ 2.8. How do I submit patches or bug reports?
+
+ 2.9. What if I have an URGENT message for the developers?
+
+ 2.10. What if I need paid-for support?
+
+ 2.11. Pizza supply details
+
+ 3. About CIFS and SMB
+
+ 3.1. What is the Server Message Block (SMB) Protocol?
+
+ 3.2. What is the Common Internet Filesystem (CIFS)?
+
+ 3.3. What is Browsing?
+
+ 4. Designing A SMB and CIFS Network
+
+ 4.1. Workgroups, Browsing Domains and Authentication Domains
+
+ 4.1.1. Defining the Terms
+
+ 4.1.2. Sharelevel (Workgroup) Security Services
+
+ 4.1.3. Authentication Domain Mode Services
+
+ 4.2. Authentication Schemes
+
+ 4.2.1. Workgroup Mode Services
+
+ 4.2.2. Windows NT-Style Domain
+
+ 4.2.3. NIS
+
+ 4.2.4. Kerberos
+
+ 4.2.5. FTP
+
+ 4.2.6. Default Server Method
+
+ 4.2.7. Client-side Database Only
+
+ 4.3. Post-Authentication: Netlogon, Logon Scripts, Profiles
+
+ 5. Cross-Protocol File Sharing
+
+ 6. Miscellaneous
+
+ 6.1. Is Samba Year 2000 compliant?
+ ______________________________________________________________________
+
+ 1\b1.\b. Q\bQu\bui\bic\bck\bk R\bRe\bef\bfe\ber\bre\ben\bnc\bce\be G\bGu\bui\bid\bde\bes\bs t\bto\bo S\bSa\bam\bmb\bba\ba D\bDo\boc\bcu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
+
+ We are endeavouring to provide links here to every major class of
+ information about Samba or things related to Samba. We cannot list
+ every document, but we are aiming for all documents to be at most two
+ referrals from those listed here. This needs constant maintaining, so
+ please send the author your feedback.
+
+ 1\b1.\b.1\b1.\b. S\bSa\bam\bmb\bba\ba f\bfo\bor\br t\bth\bhe\be I\bIm\bmp\bpa\bat\bti\bie\ben\bnt\bt
+
+ You know you should read the documentation but can't wait to start?
+ What you need to do then is follow the instructions in the following
+ documents, in order. This should be enough to get a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be site going
+ quickly. If you have any problems at all, refer back to this section
+ and do some more reading.
+
+ 1. Getting Samba: ``Download Instructions''
+
+ 2. Installing Samba: making sure the binaries are in place and work.
+ At the moment there are two kinds of Samba server installs: Unix or
+ close relative <INSTALL.txt> and Others <Samba-Server-
+ FAQ.html#PortInfo>. Do not forget to
+
+ 3. Debug sequence: If you think you have completed the previous step
+ and things aren't working properly work through the diagnosis
+ recipe. <DIAGNOSIS.txt>
+
+ 4. Exporting files to SMB clients: You should read the manual pages
+ for smb.conf, but here is a quick answer guide. <Samba-Server-
+ FAQ.html#Exporting>
+
+ 5. Controlling user access: the quickest and dirtiest way of sharing
+ resources is to use ``share level security.'' If you want to spend
+ more time and have a proper username and password database you must
+ read the paragraph on ``domain mode security.'' If you want
+ encryption (eg you are using Windows NT clients) follow the SMB
+ encryption instructions. <Samba-Server-FAQ.html#SMBEncryptionSteps>
+ 6. Browsing: if you are happy to type in "\samba-serverrename" at the
+ client end then do not read any further. Otherwise you need to
+ understand the ``browsing terminoligy'' and read <BROWSING.txt>.
+
+ 7. Printing: See the printing quick answer guide. <Samba-Server-
+ FAQ.html#Printing>
+
+ If you have got everything working to this point, you can expect Samba
+ to be stable and secure: these are its greatest strengths. However
+ Samba has a great deal to offer and to go further you must do some
+ more reading. Speed and security optimisations, printer accounting,
+ network logons, roving profiles, browsing across multiple subnets and
+ so on are all covered either in this document or in those it refers
+ to.
+
+ 1\b1.\b.2\b2.\b. A\bAl\bll\bl S\bSa\bam\bmb\bba\ba D\bDo\boc\bcu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
+
+ +\bo Meta-FAQ. This is the mother of all documents, and is the one you
+ are reading now. The latest version is always at
+ <http://samba.anu.edu.au/[.....]> but there is probably a much
+ nearer mirror site <../MIRRORS> which you should use instead.
+
+ +\bo <Samba-Server-FAQ.html> is the best starting point for information
+ about server-side issues. Includes configuration tips and pointers
+ for Samba on particular operating systems (with 40 to choose
+ from...)
+
+ +\bo <Samba-Client-FAQ.html> is the best starting point for information
+ about client-side issues, includes a list of all clients that work
+ with Samba.
+
+ +\bo <samba-man-index.html> contains descriptions of and links to all
+ the Samba manual pages, in Unix man and postscript format.
+
+ +\bo <samba-txt-index.html> has descriptions of and links to a large
+ number of text files have been contributed to samba covering many
+ topics. These are gradually being absorbed into the FAQs and HOWTOS
+ but in the meantime you might find helpful answers here.
+
+ +\bo
+
+ 2\b2.\b. G\bGe\ben\bne\ber\bra\bal\bl I\bIn\bnf\bfo\bor\brm\bma\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
+
+ All about Samba - what it is, how to get it, related sources of
+ information, how to understand the version numbering scheme, pizza
+ details
+
+ 2\b2.\b.1\b1.\b. W\bWh\bha\bat\bt i\bis\bs S\bSa\bam\bmb\bba\ba?\b?
+
+ Samba is a suite of programs which work together to allow clients to
+ access to a server's filespace and printers via the SMB (Server
+ Message Block) and CIFS (Common Internet Filesystem) protocols.
+ Initially written for Unix, Samba now also runs on Netware, OS/2, VMS,
+ StratOS and Amigas. Ports to BeOS and other operating systems are
+ underway. Samba gives the capability for these operating systems to
+ behave much like a LAN Server, Windows NT Server or Pathworks machine,
+ only with added functionality and flexibility designed to make life
+ easier for administrators.
+ This means that using Samba you can share a server's disks and
+ printers to many sorts of network clients, including Lan Manager,
+ Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT, Linux, OS/2, and AIX. There is
+ also a generic client program supplied as part of the Samba suite
+ which gives a user on the server an ftp-like interface to access
+ filespace and printers on any other SMB/CIFS servers.
+
+ Many users report that compared to other SMB implementations Samba is
+ more stable, faster, and compatible with more clients. Administrators
+ of some large installations say that Samba is the only SMB server
+ available which will scale to many tens of thousands of users without
+ crashing. The easy way to test these claims is to download it and try
+ it for yourself!
+
+ The suite is supplied with full source code under the GNU Public
+ License <../COPYING>. The GPL means that you can use Samba for
+ whatever purpose you wish (including changing the source or selling it
+ for money) but under all circumstances the source code must be made
+ freely available. A copy of the GPL must always be included in any
+ copy of the package.
+
+ The primary creator of the Samba suite is Andrew Tridgell. Later
+ versions incorporate much effort by many net.helpers. The man pages
+ and this FAQ were originally written by Karl Auer.
+
+ 2\b2.\b.2\b2.\b. W\bWh\bha\bat\bt i\bis\bs t\bth\bhe\be c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn o\bof\bf S\bSa\bam\bmb\bba\ba?\b?
+
+ At time of writing, the current version was 1.9.17. If you want to be
+ sure check the bottom of the change-log file.
+ <ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/alpha/change-log>
+
+ For more information see ``What do the version numbers mean?''
+
+ 2\b2.\b.3\b3.\b. W\bWh\bhe\ber\bre\be c\bca\ban\bn I\bI g\bge\bet\bt i\bit\bt?\b?
+
+ The Samba suite is available via anonymous ftp from samba.anu.edu.au
+ and many mirror <../MIRRORS> sites. You will get much faster
+ performance if you use a mirror site. The latest and greatest versions
+ of the suite are in the directory:
+
+ /pub/samba/
+
+ Development (read "alpha") versions, which are NOT necessarily stable
+ and which do NOT necessarily have accurate documentation, are
+ available in the directory:
+
+ /pub/samba/alpha
+
+ Note that binaries are NOT included in any of the above. Samba is
+ distributed ONLY in source form, though binaries may be available from
+ other sites. Most Linux distributions, for example, do contain Samba
+ binaries for that platform. The VMS, OS/2, Netware and Amiga and other
+ ports typically have binaries made available.
+
+ 2\b2.\b.4\b4.\b. W\bWh\bha\bat\bt d\bdo\bo t\bth\bhe\be v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn n\bnu\bum\bmb\bbe\ber\brs\bs m\bme\bea\ban\bn?\b?
+
+ It is not recommended that you run a version of Samba with the word
+ "alpha" in its name unless you know what you are doing and are willing
+ to do some debugging. Many, many people just get the latest
+ recommended stable release version and are happy. If you are brave, by
+ all means take the plunge and help with the testing and development -
+ but don't install it on your departmental server. Samba is typically
+ very stable and safe, and this is mostly due to the policy of many
+ public releases.
+
+ How the scheme works:
+
+ 1. When major changes are made the version number is increased. For
+ example, the transition from 1.9.16 to 1.9.17. However, this
+ version number will not appear immediately and people should
+ continue to use 1.9.15 for production systems (see next point.)
+
+ 2. Just after major changes are made the software is considered
+ unstable, and a series of alpha releases are distributed, for
+ example 1.9.16alpha1. These are for testing by those who know what
+ they are doing. The "alpha" in the filename will hopefully scare
+ off those who are just looking for the latest version to install.
+
+ 3. When Andrew thinks that the alphas have stabilised to the point
+ where he would recommend new users install it, he renames it to the
+ same version number without the alpha, for example 1.9.17.
+
+ 4. Inevitably bugs are found in the "stable" releases and minor patch
+ levels are released which give us the pXX series, for example
+ 1.9.17p2.
+
+ So the progression goes:
+
+ 1.9.16p10 (production)
+ 1.9.16p11 (production)
+ 1.9.17alpha1 (test sites only)
+ :
+ 1.9.17alpha20 (test sites only)
+ 1.9.17 (production)
+ 1.9.17p1 (production)
+
+ The above system means that whenever someone looks at the samba ftp
+ site they will be able to grab the highest numbered release without an
+ alpha in the name and be sure of getting the current recommended
+ version.
+
+ 2\b2.\b.5\b5.\b. W\bWh\bhe\ber\bre\be c\bca\ban\bn I\bI g\bgo\bo f\bfo\bor\br f\bfu\bur\brt\bth\bhe\ber\br i\bin\bnf\bfo\bor\brm\bma\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn?\b?
+
+ There are a number of places to look for more information on Samba,
+ including:
+
+ +\bo Two mailing lists devoted to discussion of Samba-related matters.
+ See below for subscription information.
+
+ +\bo The newsgroup comp.protocols.smb, which has a great deal of
+ discussion about Samba.
+
+ +\bo The WWW site 'SAMBA Web Pages' at
+ <http://samba.canberra.edu.au/pub/samba/samba.html> includes:
+
+ +\bo Links to man pages and documentation, including this FAQ
+
+ +\bo A comprehensive survey of Samba users
+
+ +\bo A searchable hypertext archive of the Samba mailing list
+
+ +\bo Links to Samba source code, binaries, and mirrors of both
+
+ +\bo This FAQ and the rest in its family
+
+ 2\b2.\b.6\b6.\b. H\bHo\bow\bw d\bdo\bo I\bI s\bsu\bub\bbs\bsc\bcr\bri\bib\bbe\be t\bto\bo t\bth\bhe\be S\bSa\bam\bmb\bba\ba M\bMa\bai\bil\bli\bin\bng\bg L\bLi\bis\bst\bts\bs?\b?
+
+ Send email to listproc@samba.anu.edu.au. Make sure the subject line is
+ blank, and include the following two lines in the body of the message:
+
+ subscribe samba Firstname Lastname
+ subscribe samba-announce Firstname Lastname
+
+ Obviously you should substitute YOUR first name for "Firstname" and
+ YOUR last name for "Lastname"! Try not to send any signature, it
+ sometimes confuses the list processor.
+
+ The samba list is a digest list - every eight hours or so it sends a
+ single message containing all the messages that have been received by
+ the list since the last time and sends a copy of this message to all
+ subscribers. There are thousands of people on this list.
+
+ If you stop being interested in Samba, please send another email to
+ listproc@samba.anu.edu.au. Make sure the subject line is blank, and
+ include the following two lines in the body of the message:
+
+ unsubscribe samba
+ unsubscribe samba-announce
+
+ The F\bFr\bro\bom\bm:\b: line in your message _\bM_\bU_\bS_\bT be the same address you used when
+ you subscribed.
+
+ 2\b2.\b.7\b7.\b. S\bSo\bom\bme\bet\bth\bhi\bin\bng\bg'\b's\bs g\bgo\bon\bne\be w\bwr\bro\bon\bng\bg -\b- w\bwh\bha\bat\bt s\bsh\bho\bou\bul\bld\bd I\bI d\bdo\bo?\b?
+
+ #\b# *\b**\b**\b* I\bIM\bMP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTA\bAN\bNT\bT!\b! *\b**\b**\b* #\b#
+
+ DO NOT post messages on mailing lists or in newsgroups until you have
+ carried out the first three steps given here!
+
+ 1. See if there are any likely looking entries in this FAQ! If you
+ have just installed Samba, have you run through the checklist in
+ DIAGNOSIS.txt <ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/DIAGNOSIS.txt>? It
+ can save you a lot of time and effort. DIAGNOSIS.txt can also be
+ found in the docs directory of the Samba distribution.
+
+ 2. Read the man pages for smbd, nmbd and smb.conf, looking for topics
+ that relate to what you are trying to do.
+
+ 3. If there is no obvious solution to hand, try to get a look at the
+ log files for smbd and/or nmbd for the period during which you were
+ having problems. You may need to reconfigure the servers to provide
+ more extensive debugging information - usually level 2 or level 3
+ provide ample debugging info. Inspect these logs closely, looking
+ particularly for the string "Error:".
+
+ 4. If you need urgent help and are willing to pay for it see ``Paid
+ Support''.
+
+ If you still haven't got anywhere, ask the mailing list or newsgroup.
+ In general nobody minds answering questions provided you have followed
+ the preceding steps. It might be a good idea to scan the archives of
+ the mailing list, which are available through the Samba web site
+ described in the previous section. When you post be sure to include a
+ good description of your environment and your problem.
+
+ If you successfully solve a problem, please mail the FAQ maintainer a
+ succinct description of the symptom, the problem and the solution, so
+ that an explanation can be incorporated into the next version.
+
+ 2\b2.\b.8\b8.\b. H\bHo\bow\bw d\bdo\bo I\bI s\bsu\bub\bbm\bmi\bit\bt p\bpa\bat\btc\bch\bhe\bes\bs o\bor\br b\bbu\bug\bg r\bre\bep\bpo\bor\brt\bts\bs?\b?
+
+ If you make changes to the source code, _\bp_\bl_\be_\ba_\bs_\be submit these patches so
+ that everyone else gets the benefit of your work. This is one of the
+ most important aspects to the maintainence of Samba. Send all patches
+ to samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au. Do not send patches to Andrew Tridgell
+ or any other individual, they may be lost if you do.
+
+ Patch format ------------
+
+ If you are sending a patch to fix a problem then please don't just use
+ standard diff format. As an example, samba-bugs received this patch
+ from someone:
+
+ 382a #endif 381a #if !defined(NEWS61)
+
+ How are we supposed to work out what this does and where it goes?
+ These sort of patches only work if we both have identical files in the
+ first place. The Samba sources are constantly changing at the hands of
+ multiple developers, so it doesn't work.
+
+ Please use either context diffs or (even better) unified diffs. You
+ get these using "diff -c4" or "diff -u". If you don't have a diff that
+ can generate these then please send manualy commented patches to I
+ know what is being changed and where. Most patches are applied by hand
+ so the info must be clear.
+
+ This is a basic guideline that will assist us with assessing your
+ problem more efficiently :
+
+ Machine Arch: Machine OS: OS Version: Kernel:
+
+ Compiler: Libc Version:
+
+ Samba Version:
+
+ Network Layout (description):
+
+ What else is on machine (services, etc):
+
+ Some extras :
+
+ +\bo what you did and what happened
+
+ +\bo relevant parts of a debugging output file with debuglevel higher.
+ If you can't find the relevant parts, please ask before mailing
+ huge files.
+
+ +\bo anything else you think is useful to trace down the bug
+
+ 2\b2.\b.9\b9.\b. W\bWh\bha\bat\bt i\bif\bf I\bI h\bha\bav\bve\be a\ban\bn U\bUR\bRG\bGE\bEN\bNT\bT m\bme\bes\bss\bsa\bag\bge\be f\bfo\bor\br t\bth\bhe\be d\bde\bev\bve\bel\blo\bop\bpe\ber\brs\bs?\b?
+
+ If you have spotted something very serious and believe that it is
+ important to contact the developers quickly send a message to samba-
+ urgent@samba.anu.edu.au. This will be processed more quickly than mail
+ to samba-bugs. Please think carefully before using this address. An
+ example of its use might be to report a security hole.
+
+ Examples of things _\bn_\bo_\bt to send to samba-urgent include problems
+ getting Samba to work at all and bugs that cannot potentially cause
+ damage.
+
+ 2\b2.\b.1\b10\b0.\b. W\bWh\bha\bat\bt i\bif\bf I\bI n\bne\bee\bed\bd p\bpa\bai\bid\bd-\b-f\bfo\bor\br s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpo\bor\brt\bt?\b?
+
+ Samba has a large network of consultants who provide Samba support on
+ a commercial basis. The list is included in the package in
+ Support.txt, and the latest version will always be on the main samba
+ ftp site. Any company in the world can request that the samba team
+ include their details in Support.txt so we can give no guarantee of
+ their services.
+
+ 2\b2.\b.1\b11\b1.\b. P\bPi\biz\bzz\bza\ba s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpl\bly\by d\bde\bet\bta\bai\bil\bls\bs
+
+ Those who have registered in the Samba survey as "Pizza Factory" will
+ already know this, but the rest may need some help. Andrew doesn't ask
+ for payment, but he does appreciate it when people give him pizza.
+ This calls for a little organisation when the pizza donor is twenty
+ thousand kilometres away, but it has been done.
+
+ 1. Ring up your local branch of an international pizza chain and see
+ if they honour their vouchers internationally. Pizza Hut do, which
+ is how the entire Canberra Linux Users Group got to eat pizza one
+ night, courtesy of someone in the US.
+
+ 2. Ring up a local pizza shop in Canberra and quote a credit card
+ number for a certain amount, and tell them that Andrew will be
+ collecting it (don't forget to tell him.) One kind soul from
+ Germany did this.
+
+ 3. Purchase a pizza voucher from your local pizza shop that has no
+ international affiliations and send it to Andrew. It is completely
+ useless but he can hang it on the wall next to the one he already
+ has from Germany :-)
+
+ 4. Air freight him a pizza with your favourite regional flavours. It
+ will probably get stuck in customs or torn apart by hungry sniffer
+ dogs but it will have been a noble gesture.
+
+ 3\b3.\b. A\bAb\bbo\bou\but\bt C\bCI\bIF\bFS\bS a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSM\bMB\bB
+
+ 3\b3.\b.1\b1.\b. W\bWh\bha\bat\bt i\bis\bs t\bth\bhe\be S\bSe\ber\brv\bve\ber\br M\bMe\bes\bss\bsa\bag\bge\be B\bBl\blo\boc\bck\bk (\b(S\bSM\bMB\bB)\b) P\bPr\bro\bot\bto\boc\bco\bol\bl?\b?
+
+ SMB is a filesharing protocol that has had several maintainers and
+ contributors over the years including Xerox, 3Com and most recently
+ Microsoft. Names for this protocol include LAN Manager and Microsoft
+ Networking. Parts of the specification has been made public at several
+ versions including in an X/Open document, as listed at
+ <ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/CIFS/>. No specification
+ releases were made between 1992 and 1996, and during that period
+ Microsoft became the SMB implementor with the largest market share.
+ Microsoft developed the specification further for its products but for
+ various reasons connected with developer's workload rather than market
+ strategy did not make the changes public. This culminated with the
+ "Windows NT 0.12" version released with NT 3.5 in 1995 which had
+ significant improvements and bugs. Because Microsoft client systems
+ are so popular, it is fair to say that what Microsoft with Windows
+ affects all suppliers of SMB server products.
+
+ From 1994 Andrew Tridgell began doing some serious work on his
+ Smbserver (now Samba) product and with some helpers started to
+ implement more and more of these protocols. Samba began to take a
+ significant share of the SMB server market.
+
+ 3\b3.\b.2\b2.\b. W\bWh\bha\bat\bt i\bis\bs t\bth\bhe\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bmo\bon\bn I\bIn\bnt\bte\ber\brn\bne\bet\bt F\bFi\bil\ble\bes\bsy\bys\bst\bte\bem\bm (\b(C\bCI\bIF\bFS\bS)\b)?\b?
+
+ The initial pressure for Microsoft to document their current SMB
+ implementation came from the Samba team, who kept coming across things
+ on the wire that Microsoft either didn't know about or hadn't
+ documented anywhere (even in the sourcecode to Windows NT.) Then Sun
+ Microsystems came out with their WebNFS initiative, designed to
+ replace FTP for file transfers on the Internet. There are many
+ drawbacks to WebNFS (including its scope - it aims to replace HTTP as
+ well!) but the concept was attractive. FTP is not very clever, and why
+ should it be harder to get files from across the world than across the
+ room?
+
+ Some hasty revisions were made and an Internet Draft for the Common
+ Internet Filesystem (CIFS) was released. Note that CIFS is not an
+ Internet standard and is a very long way from becoming one, BUT the
+ protocol specification is in the public domain and ongoing discussions
+ concerning the spec take place on a public mailing list according to
+ the rules of the Internet Engineering Task Force. For more information
+ and pointers see <http://samba.anu.edu.au/cifs/>
+
+ The following is taken from <http://www.microsoft.com/intdev/cifs/>
+
+ CIFS defines a standard remote file system access protocol for use
+ over the Internet, enabling groups of users to work together and
+ share documents across the Internet or within their corporate
+ intranets. CIFS is an open, cross-platform technology based on the
+ native file-sharing protocols built into Microsoft Windows and
+ other popular PC operating systems, and supported on dozens of
+ other platforms, including UNIX. With CIFS, millions of computer
+ users can open and share remote files on the Internet without having
+ to install new software or change the way they work."
+
+ If you consider CIFS as a backwardsly-compatible refinement of SMB
+ that will work reasonably efficiently over the Internet you won't be
+ too far wrong.
+
+ The net effect is that Microsoft is now documenting large parts of
+ their Windows NT fileserver protocols. The security concepts embodied
+ in Windows NT are part of the specification, which is why Samba
+ documentation often talks in terms of Windows NT. However there is no
+ reason why a site shouldn't conduct all its file and printer sharing
+ with CIFS and yet have no Microsoft products at all.
+
+ 3\b3.\b.3\b3.\b. W\bWh\bha\bat\bt i\bis\bs B\bBr\bro\bow\bws\bsi\bin\bng\bg?\b?
+
+ The term "Browsing" causes a lot of confusion. It is the part of the
+ SMB/CIFS protocol which allows for resource discovery. For example, in
+ the Windows NT Explorer it is possible to see a "Network
+ Neighbourhood" of computers in the same SMB workgroup. Clicking on the
+ name of one of these machines brings up a list of file and printer
+ resources for connecting to. In this way you can cruise the network,
+ seeing what things are available. How this scales to the Internet is a
+ subject for debate. Look at the CIFS list archives to see what the
+ experts think.
+
+ 4\b4.\b. D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bni\bin\bng\bg A\bA S\bSM\bMB\bB a\ban\bnd\bd C\bCI\bIF\bFS\bS N\bNe\bet\btw\bwo\bor\brk\bk
+
+ The big issues for installing any network of LAN or WAN file and print
+ servers are
+
+ +\bo How and where usernames, passwords and other security information
+ is stored
+
+ +\bo What method can be used for locating the resources that users have
+ permission to use
+
+ +\bo What protocols the clients can converse with
+
+ If you buy Netware, Windows NT or just about any other LAN fileserver
+ product you are expected to lock yourself into the product's preferred
+ answers to these questions. This tendancy is restrictive and often
+ very expensive for a site where there is only one kind of client or
+ server, and for sites with a mixture of operating systems it often
+ makes it impossible to share resources between some sets of users.
+
+ The Samba philosophy is to make things as easy as possible for
+ administators, which means allowing as many combinations of clients,
+ servers, operating systems and protocols as possible.
+
+ 4\b4.\b.1\b1.\b. W\bWo\bor\brk\bkg\bgr\bro\bou\bup\bps\bs,\b, B\bBr\bro\bow\bws\bsi\bin\bng\bg D\bDo\bom\bma\bai\bin\bns\bs a\ban\bnd\bd A\bAu\but\bth\bhe\ben\bnt\bti\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn D\bDo\bom\bma\bai\bin\bns\bs
+
+ The concepts of a Workgroup and a Domain are fundamental to SMB
+ networking. Although Microsoft integrates Workgroups and Domains
+ tightly with their authentication procedures there is no reason why
+ this has to be so in an SMB network. Groups of SMB machines can work
+ together just as well with Unix or OS/2 Samba servers as they can with
+ Windows NT servers, even though the password storage and access
+ methods are totally different.
+
+ 4\b4.\b.1\b1.\b.1\b1.\b. D\bDe\bef\bfi\bin\bni\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be T\bTe\ber\brm\bms\bs
+
+ A Workgroup (or Browsing Domain) is collection of machines that
+ maintain a common database contianing information about their shared
+ resources. They do not necessarily have any security information in
+ common. The database is dynamic, modified as servers come and go on
+ the network and as resources are added or deleted. The term "browsing"
+ refers to a user accessing the database via whatever interface the
+ client provides. SMB servers agree between themselves as to which ones
+ will maintain the browsing database. Workgroups can be anywhere on a
+ connected TCP/IP network, including on different subnets or anywhere
+ on the Interet. This is a very tricky part of SMB to implement.
+
+ Due to the convoluted history of SMB there is now conflicting
+ terminology describing Domains and Workgroups. "Domain" is used in the
+ browsing specifications to define that group of servers and clients
+ who share a common name and a common browsing database. The following
+ are used exclusively in the context of Workgroup browsing:
+
+ +\bo Domain Master Browser
+
+ +\bo Local Master Browser
+
+ Alternative terms include confusing variations such as "Browse
+ Master", and "Master Browser" which we are trying to eliminate from
+ the Samba documentation. We are moving to the use of "Browsing Domain"
+ wherever the word "Domain" occurs in a workgroup context. Ideally
+ "Workgroup" would also be replaced by Browsing Domain but it is very
+ widely used terminology.
+
+ Unfortunately the group of machines which use the the Microsoft method
+ of sharing authentication information (but not any of the many other
+ methods) is also called a Domain. As explained elsewhere Microsoft are
+ not making this protocol public and The following are used exclusively
+ in the context of Microsoft Authentication domains:
+
+ +\bo Primary Domain Controller
+
+ +\bo Backup Domain Controller
+
+ +\bo Domain Logon
+
+ These terms can be very confusing, and so in the Samba documentation
+ we are moving to the term "Authentication Domain" wherever Domain is
+ used in this sense. As a final touch of irony, all Authentication
+ Domains are also Browsing Domains.
+
+ 4\b4.\b.1\b1.\b.2\b2.\b. S\bSh\bha\bar\bre\bel\ble\bev\bve\bel\bl (\b(W\bWo\bor\brk\bkg\bgr\bro\bou\bup\bp)\b) S\bSe\bec\bcu\bur\bri\bit\bty\by S\bSe\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\bes\bs
+
+ With the Samba setting "security = SHARE", all shared resources
+ information about what password is associated with them but only hints
+ as to what usernames might be valid (the hint can be 'all users', in
+ which case any username will work. This is usually a bad idea, but
+ reflects both the initial implementations of SMB in the mid-80s and
+ its reincarnation with Windows for Workgroups in 1992. The idea behind
+ workgroup security was that small independant groups of people could
+ share information on an ad-hoc basis without there being an
+ authentication infrastructure present or requiring them to do more
+ than fill in a dialogue box.
+
+ 4\b4.\b.1\b1.\b.3\b3.\b. A\bAu\but\bth\bhe\ben\bnt\bti\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn D\bDo\bom\bma\bai\bin\bn M\bMo\bod\bde\be S\bSe\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\bes\bs
+
+ With the Samba settings "security = USER" or "security = SERVER"
+ accesses to all resources are checked for username/password pair
+ matches in a more rigorous manner. This has the effect of emulating a
+ Microsoft Authentication Domain. Whether or not an Authentication
+ Domain is involved depends on how the network has been designed.
+
+ 4\b4.\b.2\b2.\b. A\bAu\but\bth\bhe\ben\bnt\bti\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn S\bSc\bch\bhe\bem\bme\bes\bs
+
+ In the simple case authentication information is stored on a single
+ server and the user types a password on connecting for the first time.
+ However client operating systems often require a password before they
+ can be used at all, and in addition users usually want access to more
+ than one server. Asking users to remember many different passwords in
+ different contexts just does not work. Some kind of distributed
+ authentication database is needed. It must cope with password changes
+ and provide for assigning groups of users the same level of access
+ permissions.
+
+ Authentication decisions are some of the biggest in designing a
+ network. Are you going to use a scheme native to the client operating
+ system, native to the server operating system, or newly installed on
+ both? A list of options relevant to Samba (ie that make sense in the
+ context of the SMB protocol) follows. Any experiences with other
+ setups would be appreciated. refer to server FAQ for "passwd chat"
+ passwd program password server etc etc...
+
+ 4\b4.\b.2\b2.\b.1\b1.\b. W\bWo\bor\brk\bkg\bgr\bro\bou\bup\bp M\bMo\bod\bde\be S\bSe\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\bes\bs
+
+ etc etc
+
+ 4\b4.\b.2\b2.\b.2\b2.\b. W\bWi\bin\bnd\bdo\bow\bws\bs N\bNT\bT-\b-S\bSt\bty\byl\ble\be D\bDo\bom\bma\bai\bin\bn
+
+ Samba compiled with libdes - enabling encrypted passwords security =
+ server
+
+ 4\b4.\b.2\b2.\b.3\b3.\b. N\bNI\bIS\bS
+
+ 4\b4.\b.2\b2.\b.4\b4.\b. K\bKe\ber\brb\bbe\ber\bro\bos\bs
+
+ 4\b4.\b.2\b2.\b.5\b5.\b. F\bFT\bTP\bP
+
+ 4\b4.\b.2\b2.\b.6\b6.\b. D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt S\bSe\ber\brv\bve\ber\br M\bMe\bet\bth\bho\bod\bd
+
+ 4\b4.\b.2\b2.\b.7\b7.\b. C\bCl\bli\bie\ben\bnt\bt-\b-s\bsi\bid\bde\be D\bDa\bat\bta\bab\bba\bas\bse\be O\bOn\bnl\bly\by
+
+ 4\b4.\b.3\b3.\b. P\bPo\bos\bst\bt-\b-A\bAu\but\bth\bhe\ben\bnt\bti\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn:\b: N\bNe\bet\btl\blo\bog\bgo\bon\bn,\b, L\bLo\bog\bgo\bon\bn S\bSc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bts\bs,\b, P\bPr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\bes\bs
+
+ 5\b5.\b. C\bCr\bro\bos\bss\bs-\b-P\bPr\bro\bot\bto\boc\bco\bol\bl F\bFi\bil\ble\be S\bSh\bha\bar\bri\bin\bng\bg
+
+ Samba is an important tool for...
+
+ It is possible to...
+
+ File protocol gateways...
+
+ "Setting up a Linux File Server"
+ http://vetrec.mit.edu/people/narf/linux.html
+
+ Two free implementations of Appletalk for Unix are Netatalk,
+ <http://www.umich.edu/~rsug/netatalk/>, and CAP,
+ <http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/appletalk/atalk.html>. What Samba offers MS
+ Windows users, these packages offer to Macs. For more info on these
+ packages, Samba, and Linux (and other UNIX-based systems) see
+ <http://www.eats.com/linux_mac_win.html> 3.5) Sniffing your nework
+
+ 6\b6.\b. M\bMi\bis\bsc\bce\bel\bll\bla\ban\bne\beo\bou\bus\bs
+
+ 6\b6.\b.1\b1.\b. I\bIs\bs S\bSa\bam\bmb\bba\ba Y\bYe\bea\bar\br 2\b20\b00\b00\b0 c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\bli\bia\ban\bnt\bt?\b?
+
+ The CIFS protocol that Samba implements negotiates times in various
+ formats, all of which are able to cope with dates beyond 2000.
+
git.samba.org / ira / wip.git / commitdiff