Merge tag 'powerpc-5.0-4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc...

[sfrench/cifs-2.6.git] / drivers / md / dm.c

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Sistina Software (UK) Limited.
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This file is released under the GPL.
 */

#include "dm-core.h"
#include "dm-rq.h"
#include "dm-uevent.h"

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/blkpg.h>
#include <linux/bio.h>
#include <linux/mempool.h>
#include <linux/dax.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/idr.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
#include <linux/hdreg.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/pr.h>
#include <linux/refcount.h>

#define DM_MSG_PREFIX "core"

/*
 * Cookies are numeric values sent with CHANGE and REMOVE
 * uevents while resuming, removing or renaming the device.
 */
#define DM_COOKIE_ENV_VAR_NAME "DM_COOKIE"
#define DM_COOKIE_LENGTH 24

static const char *_name = DM_NAME;

static unsigned int major = 0;
static unsigned int _major = 0;

static DEFINE_IDR(_minor_idr);

static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(_minor_lock);

static void do_deferred_remove(struct work_struct *w);

static DECLARE_WORK(deferred_remove_work, do_deferred_remove);

static struct workqueue_struct *deferred_remove_workqueue;

atomic_t dm_global_event_nr = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(dm_global_eventq);

void dm_issue_global_event(void)
{
        atomic_inc(&dm_global_event_nr);
        wake_up(&dm_global_eventq);
}

/*
 * One of these is allocated (on-stack) per original bio.
 */
struct clone_info {
        struct dm_table *map;
        struct bio *bio;
        struct dm_io *io;
        sector_t sector;
        unsigned sector_count;
};

/*
 * One of these is allocated per clone bio.
 */
#define DM_TIO_MAGIC 7282014
struct dm_target_io {
        unsigned magic;
        struct dm_io *io;
        struct dm_target *ti;
        unsigned target_bio_nr;
        unsigned *len_ptr;
        bool inside_dm_io;
        struct bio clone;
};

/*
 * One of these is allocated per original bio.
 * It contains the first clone used for that original.
 */
#define DM_IO_MAGIC 5191977
struct dm_io {
        unsigned magic;
        struct mapped_device *md;
        blk_status_t status;
        atomic_t io_count;
        struct bio *orig_bio;
        unsigned long start_time;
        spinlock_t endio_lock;
        struct dm_stats_aux stats_aux;
        /* last member of dm_target_io is 'struct bio' */
        struct dm_target_io tio;
};

void *dm_per_bio_data(struct bio *bio, size_t data_size)
{
        struct dm_target_io *tio = container_of(bio, struct dm_target_io, clone);
        if (!tio->inside_dm_io)
                return (char *)bio - offsetof(struct dm_target_io, clone) - data_size;
        return (char *)bio - offsetof(struct dm_target_io, clone) - offsetof(struct dm_io, tio) - data_size;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_per_bio_data);

struct bio *dm_bio_from_per_bio_data(void *data, size_t data_size)
{
        struct dm_io *io = (struct dm_io *)((char *)data + data_size);
        if (io->magic == DM_IO_MAGIC)
                return (struct bio *)((char *)io + offsetof(struct dm_io, tio) + offsetof(struct dm_target_io, clone));
        BUG_ON(io->magic != DM_TIO_MAGIC);
        return (struct bio *)((char *)io + offsetof(struct dm_target_io, clone));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_bio_from_per_bio_data);

unsigned dm_bio_get_target_bio_nr(const struct bio *bio)
{
        return container_of(bio, struct dm_target_io, clone)->target_bio_nr;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_bio_get_target_bio_nr);

#define MINOR_ALLOCED ((void *)-1)

/*
 * Bits for the md->flags field.
 */
#define DMF_BLOCK_IO_FOR_SUSPEND 0
#define DMF_SUSPENDED 1
#define DMF_FROZEN 2
#define DMF_FREEING 3
#define DMF_DELETING 4
#define DMF_NOFLUSH_SUSPENDING 5
#define DMF_DEFERRED_REMOVE 6
#define DMF_SUSPENDED_INTERNALLY 7

#define DM_NUMA_NODE NUMA_NO_NODE
static int dm_numa_node = DM_NUMA_NODE;

/*
 * For mempools pre-allocation at the table loading time.
 */
struct dm_md_mempools {
        struct bio_set bs;
        struct bio_set io_bs;
};

struct table_device {
        struct list_head list;
        refcount_t count;
        struct dm_dev dm_dev;
};

static struct kmem_cache *_rq_tio_cache;
static struct kmem_cache *_rq_cache;

/*
 * Bio-based DM's mempools' reserved IOs set by the user.
 */
#define RESERVED_BIO_BASED_IOS          16
static unsigned reserved_bio_based_ios = RESERVED_BIO_BASED_IOS;

static int __dm_get_module_param_int(int *module_param, int min, int max)
{
        int param = READ_ONCE(*module_param);
        int modified_param = 0;
        bool modified = true;

        if (param < min)
                modified_param = min;
        else if (param > max)
                modified_param = max;
        else
                modified = false;

        if (modified) {
                (void)cmpxchg(module_param, param, modified_param);
                param = modified_param;
        }

        return param;
}

unsigned __dm_get_module_param(unsigned *module_param,
                               unsigned def, unsigned max)
{
        unsigned param = READ_ONCE(*module_param);
        unsigned modified_param = 0;

        if (!param)
                modified_param = def;
        else if (param > max)
                modified_param = max;

        if (modified_param) {
                (void)cmpxchg(module_param, param, modified_param);
                param = modified_param;
        }

        return param;
}

unsigned dm_get_reserved_bio_based_ios(void)
{
        return __dm_get_module_param(&reserved_bio_based_ios,
                                     RESERVED_BIO_BASED_IOS, DM_RESERVED_MAX_IOS);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_get_reserved_bio_based_ios);

static unsigned dm_get_numa_node(void)
{
        return __dm_get_module_param_int(&dm_numa_node,
                                         DM_NUMA_NODE, num_online_nodes() - 1);
}

static int __init local_init(void)
{
        int r = -ENOMEM;

        _rq_tio_cache = KMEM_CACHE(dm_rq_target_io, 0);
        if (!_rq_tio_cache)
                return r;

        _rq_cache = kmem_cache_create("dm_old_clone_request", sizeof(struct request),
                                      __alignof__(struct request), 0, NULL);
        if (!_rq_cache)
                goto out_free_rq_tio_cache;

        r = dm_uevent_init();
        if (r)
                goto out_free_rq_cache;

        deferred_remove_workqueue = alloc_workqueue("kdmremove", WQ_UNBOUND, 1);
        if (!deferred_remove_workqueue) {
                r = -ENOMEM;
                goto out_uevent_exit;
        }

        _major = major;
        r = register_blkdev(_major, _name);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out_free_workqueue;

        if (!_major)
                _major = r;

        return 0;

out_free_workqueue:
        destroy_workqueue(deferred_remove_workqueue);
out_uevent_exit:
        dm_uevent_exit();
out_free_rq_cache:
        kmem_cache_destroy(_rq_cache);
out_free_rq_tio_cache:
        kmem_cache_destroy(_rq_tio_cache);

        return r;
}

static void local_exit(void)
{
        flush_scheduled_work();
        destroy_workqueue(deferred_remove_workqueue);

        kmem_cache_destroy(_rq_cache);
        kmem_cache_destroy(_rq_tio_cache);
        unregister_blkdev(_major, _name);
        dm_uevent_exit();

        _major = 0;

        DMINFO("cleaned up");
}

static int (*_inits[])(void) __initdata = {
        local_init,
        dm_target_init,
        dm_linear_init,
        dm_stripe_init,
        dm_io_init,
        dm_kcopyd_init,
        dm_interface_init,
        dm_statistics_init,
};

static void (*_exits[])(void) = {
        local_exit,
        dm_target_exit,
        dm_linear_exit,
        dm_stripe_exit,
        dm_io_exit,
        dm_kcopyd_exit,
        dm_interface_exit,
        dm_statistics_exit,
};

static int __init dm_init(void)
{
        const int count = ARRAY_SIZE(_inits);

        int r, i;

        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                r = _inits[i]();
                if (r)
                        goto bad;
        }

        return 0;

      bad:
        while (i--)
                _exits[i]();

        return r;
}

static void __exit dm_exit(void)
{
        int i = ARRAY_SIZE(_exits);

        while (i--)
                _exits[i]();

        /*
         * Should be empty by this point.
         */
        idr_destroy(&_minor_idr);
}

/*
 * Block device functions
 */
int dm_deleting_md(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return test_bit(DMF_DELETING, &md->flags);
}

static int dm_blk_open(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode)
{
        struct mapped_device *md;

        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);

        md = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
        if (!md)
                goto out;

        if (test_bit(DMF_FREEING, &md->flags) ||
            dm_deleting_md(md)) {
                md = NULL;
                goto out;
        }

        dm_get(md);
        atomic_inc(&md->open_count);
out:
        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);

        return md ? 0 : -ENXIO;
}

static void dm_blk_close(struct gendisk *disk, fmode_t mode)
{
        struct mapped_device *md;

        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);

        md = disk->private_data;
        if (WARN_ON(!md))
                goto out;

        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&md->open_count) &&
            (test_bit(DMF_DEFERRED_REMOVE, &md->flags)))
                queue_work(deferred_remove_workqueue, &deferred_remove_work);

        dm_put(md);
out:
        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);
}

int dm_open_count(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return atomic_read(&md->open_count);
}

/*
 * Guarantees nothing is using the device before it's deleted.
 */
int dm_lock_for_deletion(struct mapped_device *md, bool mark_deferred, bool only_deferred)
{
        int r = 0;

        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);

        if (dm_open_count(md)) {
                r = -EBUSY;
                if (mark_deferred)
                        set_bit(DMF_DEFERRED_REMOVE, &md->flags);
        } else if (only_deferred && !test_bit(DMF_DEFERRED_REMOVE, &md->flags))
                r = -EEXIST;
        else
                set_bit(DMF_DELETING, &md->flags);

        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);

        return r;
}

int dm_cancel_deferred_remove(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        int r = 0;

        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);

        if (test_bit(DMF_DELETING, &md->flags))
                r = -EBUSY;
        else
                clear_bit(DMF_DEFERRED_REMOVE, &md->flags);

        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);

        return r;
}

static void do_deferred_remove(struct work_struct *w)
{
        dm_deferred_remove();
}

sector_t dm_get_size(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return get_capacity(md->disk);
}

struct request_queue *dm_get_md_queue(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return md->queue;
}

struct dm_stats *dm_get_stats(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return &md->stats;
}

static int dm_blk_getgeo(struct block_device *bdev, struct hd_geometry *geo)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;

        return dm_get_geometry(md, geo);
}

static int dm_blk_report_zones(struct gendisk *disk, sector_t sector,
                               struct blk_zone *zones, unsigned int *nr_zones,
                               gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ZONED
        struct mapped_device *md = disk->private_data;
        struct dm_target *tgt;
        struct dm_table *map;
        int srcu_idx, ret;

        if (dm_suspended_md(md))
                return -EAGAIN;

        map = dm_get_live_table(md, &srcu_idx);
        if (!map)
                return -EIO;

        tgt = dm_table_find_target(map, sector);
        if (!dm_target_is_valid(tgt)) {
                ret = -EIO;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * If we are executing this, we already know that the block device
         * is a zoned device and so each target should have support for that
         * type of drive. A missing report_zones method means that the target
         * driver has a problem.
         */
        if (WARN_ON(!tgt->type->report_zones)) {
                ret = -EIO;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * blkdev_report_zones() will loop and call this again to cover all the
         * zones of the target, eventually moving on to the next target.
         * So there is no need to loop here trying to fill the entire array
         * of zones.
         */
        ret = tgt->type->report_zones(tgt, sector, zones,
                                      nr_zones, gfp_mask);

out:
        dm_put_live_table(md, srcu_idx);
        return ret;
#else
        return -ENOTSUPP;
#endif
}

static int dm_prepare_ioctl(struct mapped_device *md, int *srcu_idx,
                            struct block_device **bdev)
        __acquires(md->io_barrier)
{
        struct dm_target *tgt;
        struct dm_table *map;
        int r;

retry:
        r = -ENOTTY;
        map = dm_get_live_table(md, srcu_idx);
        if (!map || !dm_table_get_size(map))
                return r;

        /* We only support devices that have a single target */
        if (dm_table_get_num_targets(map) != 1)
                return r;

        tgt = dm_table_get_target(map, 0);
        if (!tgt->type->prepare_ioctl)
                return r;

        if (dm_suspended_md(md))
                return -EAGAIN;

        r = tgt->type->prepare_ioctl(tgt, bdev);
        if (r == -ENOTCONN && !fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
                dm_put_live_table(md, *srcu_idx);
                msleep(10);
                goto retry;
        }

        return r;
}

static void dm_unprepare_ioctl(struct mapped_device *md, int srcu_idx)
        __releases(md->io_barrier)
{
        dm_put_live_table(md, srcu_idx);
}

static int dm_blk_ioctl(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode,
                        unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
        int r, srcu_idx;

        r = dm_prepare_ioctl(md, &srcu_idx, &bdev);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;

        if (r > 0) {
                /*
                 * Target determined this ioctl is being issued against a
                 * subset of the parent bdev; require extra privileges.
                 */
                if (!capable(CAP_SYS_RAWIO)) {
                        DMWARN_LIMIT(
        "%s: sending ioctl %x to DM device without required privilege.",
                                current->comm, cmd);
                        r = -ENOIOCTLCMD;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        r =  __blkdev_driver_ioctl(bdev, mode, cmd, arg);
out:
        dm_unprepare_ioctl(md, srcu_idx);
        return r;
}

static void start_io_acct(struct dm_io *io);

static struct dm_io *alloc_io(struct mapped_device *md, struct bio *bio)
{
        struct dm_io *io;
        struct dm_target_io *tio;
        struct bio *clone;

        clone = bio_alloc_bioset(GFP_NOIO, 0, &md->io_bs);
        if (!clone)
                return NULL;

        tio = container_of(clone, struct dm_target_io, clone);
        tio->inside_dm_io = true;
        tio->io = NULL;

        io = container_of(tio, struct dm_io, tio);
        io->magic = DM_IO_MAGIC;
        io->status = 0;
        atomic_set(&io->io_count, 1);
        io->orig_bio = bio;
        io->md = md;
        spin_lock_init(&io->endio_lock);

        start_io_acct(io);

        return io;
}

static void free_io(struct mapped_device *md, struct dm_io *io)
{
        bio_put(&io->tio.clone);
}

static struct dm_target_io *alloc_tio(struct clone_info *ci, struct dm_target *ti,
                                      unsigned target_bio_nr, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        struct dm_target_io *tio;

        if (!ci->io->tio.io) {
                /* the dm_target_io embedded in ci->io is available */
                tio = &ci->io->tio;
        } else {
                struct bio *clone = bio_alloc_bioset(gfp_mask, 0, &ci->io->md->bs);
                if (!clone)
                        return NULL;

                tio = container_of(clone, struct dm_target_io, clone);
                tio->inside_dm_io = false;
        }

        tio->magic = DM_TIO_MAGIC;
        tio->io = ci->io;
        tio->ti = ti;
        tio->target_bio_nr = target_bio_nr;

        return tio;
}

static void free_tio(struct dm_target_io *tio)
{
        if (tio->inside_dm_io)
                return;
        bio_put(&tio->clone);
}

static bool md_in_flight_bios(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        int cpu;
        struct hd_struct *part = &dm_disk(md)->part0;
        long sum = 0;

        for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
                sum += part_stat_local_read_cpu(part, in_flight[0], cpu);
                sum += part_stat_local_read_cpu(part, in_flight[1], cpu);
        }

        return sum != 0;
}

static bool md_in_flight(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        if (queue_is_mq(md->queue))
                return blk_mq_queue_inflight(md->queue);
        else
                return md_in_flight_bios(md);
}

static void start_io_acct(struct dm_io *io)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = io->md;
        struct bio *bio = io->orig_bio;

        io->start_time = jiffies;

        generic_start_io_acct(md->queue, bio_op(bio), bio_sectors(bio),
                              &dm_disk(md)->part0);

        if (unlikely(dm_stats_used(&md->stats)))
                dm_stats_account_io(&md->stats, bio_data_dir(bio),
                                    bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, bio_sectors(bio),
                                    false, 0, &io->stats_aux);
}

static void end_io_acct(struct dm_io *io)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = io->md;
        struct bio *bio = io->orig_bio;
        unsigned long duration = jiffies - io->start_time;

        generic_end_io_acct(md->queue, bio_op(bio), &dm_disk(md)->part0,
                            io->start_time);

        if (unlikely(dm_stats_used(&md->stats)))
                dm_stats_account_io(&md->stats, bio_data_dir(bio),
                                    bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, bio_sectors(bio),
                                    true, duration, &io->stats_aux);

        /* nudge anyone waiting on suspend queue */
        if (unlikely(wq_has_sleeper(&md->wait)))
                wake_up(&md->wait);
}

/*
 * Add the bio to the list of deferred io.
 */
static void queue_io(struct mapped_device *md, struct bio *bio)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&md->deferred_lock, flags);
        bio_list_add(&md->deferred, bio);
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&md->deferred_lock, flags);
        queue_work(md->wq, &md->work);
}

/*
 * Everyone (including functions in this file), should use this
 * function to access the md->map field, and make sure they call
 * dm_put_live_table() when finished.
 */
struct dm_table *dm_get_live_table(struct mapped_device *md, int *srcu_idx) __acquires(md->io_barrier)
{
        *srcu_idx = srcu_read_lock(&md->io_barrier);

        return srcu_dereference(md->map, &md->io_barrier);
}

void dm_put_live_table(struct mapped_device *md, int srcu_idx) __releases(md->io_barrier)
{
        srcu_read_unlock(&md->io_barrier, srcu_idx);
}

void dm_sync_table(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        synchronize_srcu(&md->io_barrier);
        synchronize_rcu_expedited();
}

/*
 * A fast alternative to dm_get_live_table/dm_put_live_table.
 * The caller must not block between these two functions.
 */
static struct dm_table *dm_get_live_table_fast(struct mapped_device *md) __acquires(RCU)
{
        rcu_read_lock();
        return rcu_dereference(md->map);
}

static void dm_put_live_table_fast(struct mapped_device *md) __releases(RCU)
{
        rcu_read_unlock();
}

static char *_dm_claim_ptr = "I belong to device-mapper";

/*
 * Open a table device so we can use it as a map destination.
 */
static int open_table_device(struct table_device *td, dev_t dev,
                             struct mapped_device *md)
{
        struct block_device *bdev;

        int r;

        BUG_ON(td->dm_dev.bdev);

        bdev = blkdev_get_by_dev(dev, td->dm_dev.mode | FMODE_EXCL, _dm_claim_ptr);
        if (IS_ERR(bdev))
                return PTR_ERR(bdev);

        r = bd_link_disk_holder(bdev, dm_disk(md));
        if (r) {
                blkdev_put(bdev, td->dm_dev.mode | FMODE_EXCL);
                return r;
        }

        td->dm_dev.bdev = bdev;
        td->dm_dev.dax_dev = dax_get_by_host(bdev->bd_disk->disk_name);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Close a table device that we've been using.
 */
static void close_table_device(struct table_device *td, struct mapped_device *md)
{
        if (!td->dm_dev.bdev)
                return;

        bd_unlink_disk_holder(td->dm_dev.bdev, dm_disk(md));
        blkdev_put(td->dm_dev.bdev, td->dm_dev.mode | FMODE_EXCL);
        put_dax(td->dm_dev.dax_dev);
        td->dm_dev.bdev = NULL;
        td->dm_dev.dax_dev = NULL;
}

static struct table_device *find_table_device(struct list_head *l, dev_t dev,
                                              fmode_t mode) {
        struct table_device *td;

        list_for_each_entry(td, l, list)
                if (td->dm_dev.bdev->bd_dev == dev && td->dm_dev.mode == mode)
                        return td;

        return NULL;
}

int dm_get_table_device(struct mapped_device *md, dev_t dev, fmode_t mode,
                        struct dm_dev **result) {
        int r;
        struct table_device *td;

        mutex_lock(&md->table_devices_lock);
        td = find_table_device(&md->table_devices, dev, mode);
        if (!td) {
                td = kmalloc_node(sizeof(*td), GFP_KERNEL, md->numa_node_id);
                if (!td) {
                        mutex_unlock(&md->table_devices_lock);
                        return -ENOMEM;
                }

                td->dm_dev.mode = mode;
                td->dm_dev.bdev = NULL;

                if ((r = open_table_device(td, dev, md))) {
                        mutex_unlock(&md->table_devices_lock);
                        kfree(td);
                        return r;
                }

                format_dev_t(td->dm_dev.name, dev);

                refcount_set(&td->count, 1);
                list_add(&td->list, &md->table_devices);
        } else {
                refcount_inc(&td->count);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&md->table_devices_lock);

        *result = &td->dm_dev;
        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_get_table_device);

void dm_put_table_device(struct mapped_device *md, struct dm_dev *d)
{
        struct table_device *td = container_of(d, struct table_device, dm_dev);

        mutex_lock(&md->table_devices_lock);
        if (refcount_dec_and_test(&td->count)) {
                close_table_device(td, md);
                list_del(&td->list);
                kfree(td);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&md->table_devices_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(dm_put_table_device);

static void free_table_devices(struct list_head *devices)
{
        struct list_head *tmp, *next;

        list_for_each_safe(tmp, next, devices) {
                struct table_device *td = list_entry(tmp, struct table_device, list);

                DMWARN("dm_destroy: %s still exists with %d references",
                       td->dm_dev.name, refcount_read(&td->count));
                kfree(td);
        }
}

/*
 * Get the geometry associated with a dm device
 */
int dm_get_geometry(struct mapped_device *md, struct hd_geometry *geo)
{
        *geo = md->geometry;

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Set the geometry of a device.
 */
int dm_set_geometry(struct mapped_device *md, struct hd_geometry *geo)
{
        sector_t sz = (sector_t)geo->cylinders * geo->heads * geo->sectors;

        if (geo->start > sz) {
                DMWARN("Start sector is beyond the geometry limits.");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        md->geometry = *geo;

        return 0;
}

static int __noflush_suspending(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return test_bit(DMF_NOFLUSH_SUSPENDING, &md->flags);
}

/*
 * Decrements the number of outstanding ios that a bio has been
 * cloned into, completing the original io if necc.
 */
static void dec_pending(struct dm_io *io, blk_status_t error)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        blk_status_t io_error;
        struct bio *bio;
        struct mapped_device *md = io->md;

        /* Push-back supersedes any I/O errors */
        if (unlikely(error)) {
                spin_lock_irqsave(&io->endio_lock, flags);
                if (!(io->status == BLK_STS_DM_REQUEUE && __noflush_suspending(md)))
                        io->status = error;
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&io->endio_lock, flags);
        }

        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&io->io_count)) {
                if (io->status == BLK_STS_DM_REQUEUE) {
                        /*
                         * Target requested pushing back the I/O.
                         */
                        spin_lock_irqsave(&md->deferred_lock, flags);
                        if (__noflush_suspending(md))
                                /* NOTE early return due to BLK_STS_DM_REQUEUE below */
                                bio_list_add_head(&md->deferred, io->orig_bio);
                        else
                                /* noflush suspend was interrupted. */
                                io->status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
                        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&md->deferred_lock, flags);
                }

                io_error = io->status;
                bio = io->orig_bio;
                end_io_acct(io);
                free_io(md, io);

                if (io_error == BLK_STS_DM_REQUEUE)
                        return;

                if ((bio->bi_opf & REQ_PREFLUSH) && bio->bi_iter.bi_size) {
                        /*
                         * Preflush done for flush with data, reissue
                         * without REQ_PREFLUSH.
                         */
                        bio->bi_opf &= ~REQ_PREFLUSH;
                        queue_io(md, bio);
                } else {
                        /* done with normal IO or empty flush */
                        if (io_error)
                                bio->bi_status = io_error;
                        bio_endio(bio);
                }
        }
}

void disable_write_same(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        struct queue_limits *limits = dm_get_queue_limits(md);

        /* device doesn't really support WRITE SAME, disable it */
        limits->max_write_same_sectors = 0;
}

void disable_write_zeroes(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        struct queue_limits *limits = dm_get_queue_limits(md);

        /* device doesn't really support WRITE ZEROES, disable it */
        limits->max_write_zeroes_sectors = 0;
}

static void clone_endio(struct bio *bio)
{
        blk_status_t error = bio->bi_status;
        struct dm_target_io *tio = container_of(bio, struct dm_target_io, clone);
        struct dm_io *io = tio->io;
        struct mapped_device *md = tio->io->md;
        dm_endio_fn endio = tio->ti->type->end_io;

        if (unlikely(error == BLK_STS_TARGET) && md->type != DM_TYPE_NVME_BIO_BASED) {
                if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE_SAME &&
                    !bio->bi_disk->queue->limits.max_write_same_sectors)
                        disable_write_same(md);
                if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES &&
                    !bio->bi_disk->queue->limits.max_write_zeroes_sectors)
                        disable_write_zeroes(md);
        }

        if (endio) {
                int r = endio(tio->ti, bio, &error);
                switch (r) {
                case DM_ENDIO_REQUEUE:
                        error = BLK_STS_DM_REQUEUE;
                        /*FALLTHRU*/
                case DM_ENDIO_DONE:
                        break;
                case DM_ENDIO_INCOMPLETE:
                        /* The target will handle the io */
                        return;
                default:
                        DMWARN("unimplemented target endio return value: %d", r);
                        BUG();
                }
        }

        free_tio(tio);
        dec_pending(io, error);
}

/*
 * Return maximum size of I/O possible at the supplied sector up to the current
 * target boundary.
 */
static sector_t max_io_len_target_boundary(sector_t sector, struct dm_target *ti)
{
        sector_t target_offset = dm_target_offset(ti, sector);

        return ti->len - target_offset;
}

static sector_t max_io_len(sector_t sector, struct dm_target *ti)
{
        sector_t len = max_io_len_target_boundary(sector, ti);
        sector_t offset, max_len;

        /*
         * Does the target need to split even further?
         */
        if (ti->max_io_len) {
                offset = dm_target_offset(ti, sector);
                if (unlikely(ti->max_io_len & (ti->max_io_len - 1)))
                        max_len = sector_div(offset, ti->max_io_len);
                else
                        max_len = offset & (ti->max_io_len - 1);
                max_len = ti->max_io_len - max_len;

                if (len > max_len)
                        len = max_len;
        }

        return len;
}

int dm_set_target_max_io_len(struct dm_target *ti, sector_t len)
{
        if (len > UINT_MAX) {
                DMERR("Specified maximum size of target IO (%llu) exceeds limit (%u)",
                      (unsigned long long)len, UINT_MAX);
                ti->error = "Maximum size of target IO is too large";
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /*
         * BIO based queue uses its own splitting. When multipage bvecs
         * is switched on, size of the incoming bio may be too big to
         * be handled in some targets, such as crypt.
         *
         * When these targets are ready for the big bio, we can remove
         * the limit.
         */
        ti->max_io_len = min_t(uint32_t, len, BIO_MAX_PAGES * PAGE_SIZE);

        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_set_target_max_io_len);

static struct dm_target *dm_dax_get_live_target(struct mapped_device *md,
                                                sector_t sector, int *srcu_idx)
        __acquires(md->io_barrier)
{
        struct dm_table *map;
        struct dm_target *ti;

        map = dm_get_live_table(md, srcu_idx);
        if (!map)
                return NULL;

        ti = dm_table_find_target(map, sector);
        if (!dm_target_is_valid(ti))
                return NULL;

        return ti;
}

static long dm_dax_direct_access(struct dax_device *dax_dev, pgoff_t pgoff,
                                 long nr_pages, void **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = dax_get_private(dax_dev);
        sector_t sector = pgoff * PAGE_SECTORS;
        struct dm_target *ti;
        long len, ret = -EIO;
        int srcu_idx;

        ti = dm_dax_get_live_target(md, sector, &srcu_idx);

        if (!ti)
                goto out;
        if (!ti->type->direct_access)
                goto out;
        len = max_io_len(sector, ti) / PAGE_SECTORS;
        if (len < 1)
                goto out;
        nr_pages = min(len, nr_pages);
        ret = ti->type->direct_access(ti, pgoff, nr_pages, kaddr, pfn);

 out:
        dm_put_live_table(md, srcu_idx);

        return ret;
}

static size_t dm_dax_copy_from_iter(struct dax_device *dax_dev, pgoff_t pgoff,
                                    void *addr, size_t bytes, struct iov_iter *i)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = dax_get_private(dax_dev);
        sector_t sector = pgoff * PAGE_SECTORS;
        struct dm_target *ti;
        long ret = 0;
        int srcu_idx;

        ti = dm_dax_get_live_target(md, sector, &srcu_idx);

        if (!ti)
                goto out;
        if (!ti->type->dax_copy_from_iter) {
                ret = copy_from_iter(addr, bytes, i);
                goto out;
        }
        ret = ti->type->dax_copy_from_iter(ti, pgoff, addr, bytes, i);
 out:
        dm_put_live_table(md, srcu_idx);

        return ret;
}

static size_t dm_dax_copy_to_iter(struct dax_device *dax_dev, pgoff_t pgoff,
                void *addr, size_t bytes, struct iov_iter *i)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = dax_get_private(dax_dev);
        sector_t sector = pgoff * PAGE_SECTORS;
        struct dm_target *ti;
        long ret = 0;
        int srcu_idx;

        ti = dm_dax_get_live_target(md, sector, &srcu_idx);

        if (!ti)
                goto out;
        if (!ti->type->dax_copy_to_iter) {
                ret = copy_to_iter(addr, bytes, i);
                goto out;
        }
        ret = ti->type->dax_copy_to_iter(ti, pgoff, addr, bytes, i);
 out:
        dm_put_live_table(md, srcu_idx);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * A target may call dm_accept_partial_bio only from the map routine.  It is
 * allowed for all bio types except REQ_PREFLUSH and REQ_OP_ZONE_RESET.
 *
 * dm_accept_partial_bio informs the dm that the target only wants to process
 * additional n_sectors sectors of the bio and the rest of the data should be
 * sent in a next bio.
 *
 * A diagram that explains the arithmetics:
 * +--------------------+---------------+-------+
 * |         1          |       2       |   3   |
 * +--------------------+---------------+-------+
 *
 * <-------------- *tio->len_ptr --------------->
 *                      <------- bi_size ------->
 *                      <-- n_sectors -->
 *
 * Region 1 was already iterated over with bio_advance or similar function.
 *      (it may be empty if the target doesn't use bio_advance)
 * Region 2 is the remaining bio size that the target wants to process.
 *      (it may be empty if region 1 is non-empty, although there is no reason
 *       to make it empty)
 * The target requires that region 3 is to be sent in the next bio.
 *
 * If the target wants to receive multiple copies of the bio (via num_*bios, etc),
 * the partially processed part (the sum of regions 1+2) must be the same for all
 * copies of the bio.
 */
void dm_accept_partial_bio(struct bio *bio, unsigned n_sectors)
{
        struct dm_target_io *tio = container_of(bio, struct dm_target_io, clone);
        unsigned bi_size = bio->bi_iter.bi_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
        BUG_ON(bio->bi_opf & REQ_PREFLUSH);
        BUG_ON(bi_size > *tio->len_ptr);
        BUG_ON(n_sectors > bi_size);
        *tio->len_ptr -= bi_size - n_sectors;
        bio->bi_iter.bi_size = n_sectors << SECTOR_SHIFT;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_accept_partial_bio);

/*
 * The zone descriptors obtained with a zone report indicate
 * zone positions within the underlying device of the target. The zone
 * descriptors must be remapped to match their position within the dm device.
 * The caller target should obtain the zones information using
 * blkdev_report_zones() to ensure that remapping for partition offset is
 * already handled.
 */
void dm_remap_zone_report(struct dm_target *ti, sector_t start,
                          struct blk_zone *zones, unsigned int *nr_zones)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ZONED
        struct blk_zone *zone;
        unsigned int nrz = *nr_zones;
        int i;

        /*
         * Remap the start sector and write pointer position of the zones in
         * the array. Since we may have obtained from the target underlying
         * device more zones that the target size, also adjust the number
         * of zones.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < nrz; i++) {
                zone = zones + i;
                if (zone->start >= start + ti->len) {
                        memset(zone, 0, sizeof(struct blk_zone) * (nrz - i));
                        break;
                }

                zone->start = zone->start + ti->begin - start;
                if (zone->type == BLK_ZONE_TYPE_CONVENTIONAL)
                        continue;

                if (zone->cond == BLK_ZONE_COND_FULL)
                        zone->wp = zone->start + zone->len;
                else if (zone->cond == BLK_ZONE_COND_EMPTY)
                        zone->wp = zone->start;
                else
                        zone->wp = zone->wp + ti->begin - start;
        }

        *nr_zones = i;
#else /* !CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ZONED */
        *nr_zones = 0;
#endif
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_remap_zone_report);

static blk_qc_t __map_bio(struct dm_target_io *tio)
{
        int r;
        sector_t sector;
        struct bio *clone = &tio->clone;
        struct dm_io *io = tio->io;
        struct mapped_device *md = io->md;
        struct dm_target *ti = tio->ti;
        blk_qc_t ret = BLK_QC_T_NONE;

        clone->bi_end_io = clone_endio;

        /*
         * Map the clone.  If r == 0 we don't need to do
         * anything, the target has assumed ownership of
         * this io.
         */
        atomic_inc(&io->io_count);
        sector = clone->bi_iter.bi_sector;

        r = ti->type->map(ti, clone);
        switch (r) {
        case DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED:
                break;
        case DM_MAPIO_REMAPPED:
                /* the bio has been remapped so dispatch it */
                trace_block_bio_remap(clone->bi_disk->queue, clone,
                                      bio_dev(io->orig_bio), sector);
                if (md->type == DM_TYPE_NVME_BIO_BASED)
                        ret = direct_make_request(clone);
                else
                        ret = generic_make_request(clone);
                break;
        case DM_MAPIO_KILL:
                free_tio(tio);
                dec_pending(io, BLK_STS_IOERR);
                break;
        case DM_MAPIO_REQUEUE:
                free_tio(tio);
                dec_pending(io, BLK_STS_DM_REQUEUE);
                break;
        default:
                DMWARN("unimplemented target map return value: %d", r);
                BUG();
        }

        return ret;
}

static void bio_setup_sector(struct bio *bio, sector_t sector, unsigned len)
{
        bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = sector;
        bio->bi_iter.bi_size = to_bytes(len);
}

/*
 * Creates a bio that consists of range of complete bvecs.
 */
static int clone_bio(struct dm_target_io *tio, struct bio *bio,
                     sector_t sector, unsigned len)
{
        struct bio *clone = &tio->clone;

        __bio_clone_fast(clone, bio);

        if (bio_integrity(bio)) {
                int r;

                if (unlikely(!dm_target_has_integrity(tio->ti->type) &&
                             !dm_target_passes_integrity(tio->ti->type))) {
                        DMWARN("%s: the target %s doesn't support integrity data.",
                                dm_device_name(tio->io->md),
                                tio->ti->type->name);
                        return -EIO;
                }

                r = bio_integrity_clone(clone, bio, GFP_NOIO);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;
        }

        bio_advance(clone, to_bytes(sector - clone->bi_iter.bi_sector));
        clone->bi_iter.bi_size = to_bytes(len);

        if (bio_integrity(bio))
                bio_integrity_trim(clone);

        return 0;
}

static void alloc_multiple_bios(struct bio_list *blist, struct clone_info *ci,
                                struct dm_target *ti, unsigned num_bios)
{
        struct dm_target_io *tio;
        int try;

        if (!num_bios)
                return;

        if (num_bios == 1) {
                tio = alloc_tio(ci, ti, 0, GFP_NOIO);
                bio_list_add(blist, &tio->clone);
                return;
        }

        for (try = 0; try < 2; try++) {
                int bio_nr;
                struct bio *bio;

                if (try)
                        mutex_lock(&ci->io->md->table_devices_lock);
                for (bio_nr = 0; bio_nr < num_bios; bio_nr++) {
                        tio = alloc_tio(ci, ti, bio_nr, try ? GFP_NOIO : GFP_NOWAIT);
                        if (!tio)
                                break;

                        bio_list_add(blist, &tio->clone);
                }
                if (try)
                        mutex_unlock(&ci->io->md->table_devices_lock);
                if (bio_nr == num_bios)
                        return;

                while ((bio = bio_list_pop(blist))) {
                        tio = container_of(bio, struct dm_target_io, clone);
                        free_tio(tio);
                }
        }
}

static blk_qc_t __clone_and_map_simple_bio(struct clone_info *ci,
                                           struct dm_target_io *tio, unsigned *len)
{
        struct bio *clone = &tio->clone;

        tio->len_ptr = len;

        __bio_clone_fast(clone, ci->bio);
        if (len)
                bio_setup_sector(clone, ci->sector, *len);

        return __map_bio(tio);
}

static void __send_duplicate_bios(struct clone_info *ci, struct dm_target *ti,
                                  unsigned num_bios, unsigned *len)
{
        struct bio_list blist = BIO_EMPTY_LIST;
        struct bio *bio;
        struct dm_target_io *tio;

        alloc_multiple_bios(&blist, ci, ti, num_bios);

        while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&blist))) {
                tio = container_of(bio, struct dm_target_io, clone);
                (void) __clone_and_map_simple_bio(ci, tio, len);
        }
}

static int __send_empty_flush(struct clone_info *ci)
{
        unsigned target_nr = 0;
        struct dm_target *ti;

        /*
         * Empty flush uses a statically initialized bio, as the base for
         * cloning.  However, blkg association requires that a bdev is
         * associated with a gendisk, which doesn't happen until the bdev is
         * opened.  So, blkg association is done at issue time of the flush
         * rather than when the device is created in alloc_dev().
         */
        bio_set_dev(ci->bio, ci->io->md->bdev);

        BUG_ON(bio_has_data(ci->bio));
        while ((ti = dm_table_get_target(ci->map, target_nr++)))
                __send_duplicate_bios(ci, ti, ti->num_flush_bios, NULL);

        bio_disassociate_blkg(ci->bio);

        return 0;
}

static int __clone_and_map_data_bio(struct clone_info *ci, struct dm_target *ti,
                                    sector_t sector, unsigned *len)
{
        struct bio *bio = ci->bio;
        struct dm_target_io *tio;
        int r;

        tio = alloc_tio(ci, ti, 0, GFP_NOIO);
        tio->len_ptr = len;
        r = clone_bio(tio, bio, sector, *len);
        if (r < 0) {
                free_tio(tio);
                return r;
        }
        (void) __map_bio(tio);

        return 0;
}

typedef unsigned (*get_num_bios_fn)(struct dm_target *ti);

static unsigned get_num_discard_bios(struct dm_target *ti)
{
        return ti->num_discard_bios;
}

static unsigned get_num_secure_erase_bios(struct dm_target *ti)
{
        return ti->num_secure_erase_bios;
}

static unsigned get_num_write_same_bios(struct dm_target *ti)
{
        return ti->num_write_same_bios;
}

static unsigned get_num_write_zeroes_bios(struct dm_target *ti)
{
        return ti->num_write_zeroes_bios;
}

typedef bool (*is_split_required_fn)(struct dm_target *ti);

static bool is_split_required_for_discard(struct dm_target *ti)
{
        return ti->split_discard_bios;
}

static int __send_changing_extent_only(struct clone_info *ci, struct dm_target *ti,
                                       unsigned num_bios, bool is_split_required)
{
        unsigned len;

        /*
         * Even though the device advertised support for this type of
         * request, that does not mean every target supports it, and
         * reconfiguration might also have changed that since the
         * check was performed.
         */
        if (!num_bios)
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        if (!is_split_required)
                len = min((sector_t)ci->sector_count, max_io_len_target_boundary(ci->sector, ti));
        else
                len = min((sector_t)ci->sector_count, max_io_len(ci->sector, ti));

        __send_duplicate_bios(ci, ti, num_bios, &len);

        ci->sector += len;
        ci->sector_count -= len;

        return 0;
}

static int __send_discard(struct clone_info *ci, struct dm_target *ti)
{
        return __send_changing_extent_only(ci, ti, get_num_discard_bios(ti),
                                           is_split_required_for_discard(ti));
}

static int __send_secure_erase(struct clone_info *ci, struct dm_target *ti)
{
        return __send_changing_extent_only(ci, ti, get_num_secure_erase_bios(ti), false);
}

static int __send_write_same(struct clone_info *ci, struct dm_target *ti)
{
        return __send_changing_extent_only(ci, ti, get_num_write_same_bios(ti), false);
}

static int __send_write_zeroes(struct clone_info *ci, struct dm_target *ti)
{
        return __send_changing_extent_only(ci, ti, get_num_write_zeroes_bios(ti), false);
}

static bool __process_abnormal_io(struct clone_info *ci, struct dm_target *ti,
                                  int *result)
{
        struct bio *bio = ci->bio;

        if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_DISCARD)
                *result = __send_discard(ci, ti);
        else if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_SECURE_ERASE)
                *result = __send_secure_erase(ci, ti);
        else if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE_SAME)
                *result = __send_write_same(ci, ti);
        else if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES)
                *result = __send_write_zeroes(ci, ti);
        else
                return false;

        return true;
}

/*
 * Select the correct strategy for processing a non-flush bio.
 */
static int __split_and_process_non_flush(struct clone_info *ci)
{
        struct dm_target *ti;
        unsigned len;
        int r;

        ti = dm_table_find_target(ci->map, ci->sector);
        if (!dm_target_is_valid(ti))
                return -EIO;

        if (unlikely(__process_abnormal_io(ci, ti, &r)))
                return r;

        len = min_t(sector_t, max_io_len(ci->sector, ti), ci->sector_count);

        r = __clone_and_map_data_bio(ci, ti, ci->sector, &len);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        ci->sector += len;
        ci->sector_count -= len;

        return 0;
}

static void init_clone_info(struct clone_info *ci, struct mapped_device *md,
                            struct dm_table *map, struct bio *bio)
{
        ci->map = map;
        ci->io = alloc_io(md, bio);
        ci->sector = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector;
}

#define __dm_part_stat_sub(part, field, subnd)  \
        (part_stat_get(part, field) -= (subnd))

/*
 * Entry point to split a bio into clones and submit them to the targets.
 */
static blk_qc_t __split_and_process_bio(struct mapped_device *md,
                                        struct dm_table *map, struct bio *bio)
{
        struct clone_info ci;
        blk_qc_t ret = BLK_QC_T_NONE;
        int error = 0;

        if (unlikely(!map)) {
                bio_io_error(bio);
                return ret;
        }

        blk_queue_split(md->queue, &bio);

        init_clone_info(&ci, md, map, bio);

        if (bio->bi_opf & REQ_PREFLUSH) {
                struct bio flush_bio;

                /*
                 * Use an on-stack bio for this, it's safe since we don't
                 * need to reference it after submit. It's just used as
                 * the basis for the clone(s).
                 */
                bio_init(&flush_bio, NULL, 0);
                flush_bio.bi_opf = REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_SYNC;
                ci.bio = &flush_bio;
                ci.sector_count = 0;
                error = __send_empty_flush(&ci);
                /* dec_pending submits any data associated with flush */
        } else if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_ZONE_RESET) {
                ci.bio = bio;
                ci.sector_count = 0;
                error = __split_and_process_non_flush(&ci);
        } else {
                ci.bio = bio;
                ci.sector_count = bio_sectors(bio);
                while (ci.sector_count && !error) {
                        error = __split_and_process_non_flush(&ci);
                        if (current->bio_list && ci.sector_count && !error) {
                                /*
                                 * Remainder must be passed to generic_make_request()
                                 * so that it gets handled *after* bios already submitted
                                 * have been completely processed.
                                 * We take a clone of the original to store in
                                 * ci.io->orig_bio to be used by end_io_acct() and
                                 * for dec_pending to use for completion handling.
                                 */
                                struct bio *b = bio_split(bio, bio_sectors(bio) - ci.sector_count,
                                                          GFP_NOIO, &md->queue->bio_split);
                                ci.io->orig_bio = b;

                                /*
                                 * Adjust IO stats for each split, otherwise upon queue
                                 * reentry there will be redundant IO accounting.
                                 * NOTE: this is a stop-gap fix, a proper fix involves
                                 * significant refactoring of DM core's bio splitting
                                 * (by eliminating DM's splitting and just using bio_split)
                                 */
                                part_stat_lock();
                                __dm_part_stat_sub(&dm_disk(md)->part0,
                                                   sectors[op_stat_group(bio_op(bio))], ci.sector_count);
                                part_stat_unlock();

                                bio_chain(b, bio);
                                trace_block_split(md->queue, b, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector);
                                ret = generic_make_request(bio);
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }

        /* drop the extra reference count */
        dec_pending(ci.io, errno_to_blk_status(error));
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Optimized variant of __split_and_process_bio that leverages the
 * fact that targets that use it do _not_ have a need to split bios.
 */
static blk_qc_t __process_bio(struct mapped_device *md,
                              struct dm_table *map, struct bio *bio)
{
        struct clone_info ci;
        blk_qc_t ret = BLK_QC_T_NONE;
        int error = 0;

        if (unlikely(!map)) {
                bio_io_error(bio);
                return ret;
        }

        init_clone_info(&ci, md, map, bio);

        if (bio->bi_opf & REQ_PREFLUSH) {
                struct bio flush_bio;

                /*
                 * Use an on-stack bio for this, it's safe since we don't
                 * need to reference it after submit. It's just used as
                 * the basis for the clone(s).
                 */
                bio_init(&flush_bio, NULL, 0);
                flush_bio.bi_opf = REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_SYNC;
                ci.bio = &flush_bio;
                ci.sector_count = 0;
                error = __send_empty_flush(&ci);
                /* dec_pending submits any data associated with flush */
        } else {
                struct dm_target *ti = md->immutable_target;
                struct dm_target_io *tio;

                /*
                 * Defend against IO still getting in during teardown
                 * - as was seen for a time with nvme-fcloop
                 */
                if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!ti || !dm_target_is_valid(ti))) {
                        error = -EIO;
                        goto out;
                }

                ci.bio = bio;
                ci.sector_count = bio_sectors(bio);
                if (unlikely(__process_abnormal_io(&ci, ti, &error)))
                        goto out;

                tio = alloc_tio(&ci, ti, 0, GFP_NOIO);
                ret = __clone_and_map_simple_bio(&ci, tio, NULL);
        }
out:
        /* drop the extra reference count */
        dec_pending(ci.io, errno_to_blk_status(error));
        return ret;
}

static blk_qc_t dm_process_bio(struct mapped_device *md,
                               struct dm_table *map, struct bio *bio)
{
        if (dm_get_md_type(md) == DM_TYPE_NVME_BIO_BASED)
                return __process_bio(md, map, bio);
        else
                return __split_and_process_bio(md, map, bio);
}

static blk_qc_t dm_make_request(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = q->queuedata;
        blk_qc_t ret = BLK_QC_T_NONE;
        int srcu_idx;
        struct dm_table *map;

        map = dm_get_live_table(md, &srcu_idx);

        /* if we're suspended, we have to queue this io for later */
        if (unlikely(test_bit(DMF_BLOCK_IO_FOR_SUSPEND, &md->flags))) {
                dm_put_live_table(md, srcu_idx);

                if (!(bio->bi_opf & REQ_RAHEAD))
                        queue_io(md, bio);
                else
                        bio_io_error(bio);
                return ret;
        }

        ret = dm_process_bio(md, map, bio);

        dm_put_live_table(md, srcu_idx);
        return ret;
}

static int dm_any_congested(void *congested_data, int bdi_bits)
{
        int r = bdi_bits;
        struct mapped_device *md = congested_data;
        struct dm_table *map;

        if (!test_bit(DMF_BLOCK_IO_FOR_SUSPEND, &md->flags)) {
                if (dm_request_based(md)) {
                        /*
                         * With request-based DM we only need to check the
                         * top-level queue for congestion.
                         */
                        r = md->queue->backing_dev_info->wb.state & bdi_bits;
                } else {
                        map = dm_get_live_table_fast(md);
                        if (map)
                                r = dm_table_any_congested(map, bdi_bits);
                        dm_put_live_table_fast(md);
                }
        }

        return r;
}

/*-----------------------------------------------------------------
 * An IDR is used to keep track of allocated minor numbers.
 *---------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void free_minor(int minor)
{
        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);
        idr_remove(&_minor_idr, minor);
        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);
}

/*
 * See if the device with a specific minor # is free.
 */
static int specific_minor(int minor)
{
        int r;

        if (minor >= (1 << MINORBITS))
                return -EINVAL;

        idr_preload(GFP_KERNEL);
        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);

        r = idr_alloc(&_minor_idr, MINOR_ALLOCED, minor, minor + 1, GFP_NOWAIT);

        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);
        idr_preload_end();
        if (r < 0)
                return r == -ENOSPC ? -EBUSY : r;
        return 0;
}

static int next_free_minor(int *minor)
{
        int r;

        idr_preload(GFP_KERNEL);
        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);

        r = idr_alloc(&_minor_idr, MINOR_ALLOCED, 0, 1 << MINORBITS, GFP_NOWAIT);

        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);
        idr_preload_end();
        if (r < 0)
                return r;
        *minor = r;
        return 0;
}

static const struct block_device_operations dm_blk_dops;
static const struct dax_operations dm_dax_ops;

static void dm_wq_work(struct work_struct *work);

static void dm_init_normal_md_queue(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        /*
         * Initialize aspects of queue that aren't relevant for blk-mq
         */
        md->queue->backing_dev_info->congested_fn = dm_any_congested;
}

static void cleanup_mapped_device(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        if (md->wq)
                destroy_workqueue(md->wq);
        bioset_exit(&md->bs);
        bioset_exit(&md->io_bs);

        if (md->dax_dev) {
                kill_dax(md->dax_dev);
                put_dax(md->dax_dev);
                md->dax_dev = NULL;
        }

        if (md->disk) {
                spin_lock(&_minor_lock);
                md->disk->private_data = NULL;
                spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);
                del_gendisk(md->disk);
                put_disk(md->disk);
        }

        if (md->queue)
                blk_cleanup_queue(md->queue);

        cleanup_srcu_struct(&md->io_barrier);

        if (md->bdev) {
                bdput(md->bdev);
                md->bdev = NULL;
        }

        mutex_destroy(&md->suspend_lock);
        mutex_destroy(&md->type_lock);
        mutex_destroy(&md->table_devices_lock);

        dm_mq_cleanup_mapped_device(md);
}

/*
 * Allocate and initialise a blank device with a given minor.
 */
static struct mapped_device *alloc_dev(int minor)
{
        int r, numa_node_id = dm_get_numa_node();
        struct dax_device *dax_dev = NULL;
        struct mapped_device *md;
        void *old_md;

        md = kvzalloc_node(sizeof(*md), GFP_KERNEL, numa_node_id);
        if (!md) {
                DMWARN("unable to allocate device, out of memory.");
                return NULL;
        }

        if (!try_module_get(THIS_MODULE))
                goto bad_module_get;

        /* get a minor number for the dev */
        if (minor == DM_ANY_MINOR)
                r = next_free_minor(&minor);
        else
                r = specific_minor(minor);
        if (r < 0)
                goto bad_minor;

        r = init_srcu_struct(&md->io_barrier);
        if (r < 0)
                goto bad_io_barrier;

        md->numa_node_id = numa_node_id;
        md->init_tio_pdu = false;
        md->type = DM_TYPE_NONE;
        mutex_init(&md->suspend_lock);
        mutex_init(&md->type_lock);
        mutex_init(&md->table_devices_lock);
        spin_lock_init(&md->deferred_lock);
        atomic_set(&md->holders, 1);
        atomic_set(&md->open_count, 0);
        atomic_set(&md->event_nr, 0);
        atomic_set(&md->uevent_seq, 0);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&md->uevent_list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&md->table_devices);
        spin_lock_init(&md->uevent_lock);

        md->queue = blk_alloc_queue_node(GFP_KERNEL, numa_node_id);
        if (!md->queue)
                goto bad;
        md->queue->queuedata = md;
        md->queue->backing_dev_info->congested_data = md;

        md->disk = alloc_disk_node(1, md->numa_node_id);
        if (!md->disk)
                goto bad;

        init_waitqueue_head(&md->wait);
        INIT_WORK(&md->work, dm_wq_work);
        init_waitqueue_head(&md->eventq);
        init_completion(&md->kobj_holder.completion);

        md->disk->major = _major;
        md->disk->first_minor = minor;
        md->disk->fops = &dm_blk_dops;
        md->disk->queue = md->queue;
        md->disk->private_data = md;
        sprintf(md->disk->disk_name, "dm-%d", minor);

        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DAX_DRIVER)) {
                dax_dev = alloc_dax(md, md->disk->disk_name, &dm_dax_ops);
                if (!dax_dev)
                        goto bad;
        }
        md->dax_dev = dax_dev;

        add_disk_no_queue_reg(md->disk);
        format_dev_t(md->name, MKDEV(_major, minor));

        md->wq = alloc_workqueue("kdmflush", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 0);
        if (!md->wq)
                goto bad;

        md->bdev = bdget_disk(md->disk, 0);
        if (!md->bdev)
                goto bad;

        dm_stats_init(&md->stats);

        /* Populate the mapping, nobody knows we exist yet */
        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);
        old_md = idr_replace(&_minor_idr, md, minor);
        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);

        BUG_ON(old_md != MINOR_ALLOCED);

        return md;

bad:
        cleanup_mapped_device(md);
bad_io_barrier:
        free_minor(minor);
bad_minor:
        module_put(THIS_MODULE);
bad_module_get:
        kvfree(md);
        return NULL;
}

static void unlock_fs(struct mapped_device *md);

static void free_dev(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        int minor = MINOR(disk_devt(md->disk));

        unlock_fs(md);

        cleanup_mapped_device(md);

        free_table_devices(&md->table_devices);
        dm_stats_cleanup(&md->stats);
        free_minor(minor);

        module_put(THIS_MODULE);
        kvfree(md);
}

static int __bind_mempools(struct mapped_device *md, struct dm_table *t)
{
        struct dm_md_mempools *p = dm_table_get_md_mempools(t);
        int ret = 0;

        if (dm_table_bio_based(t)) {
                /*
                 * The md may already have mempools that need changing.
                 * If so, reload bioset because front_pad may have changed
                 * because a different table was loaded.
                 */
                bioset_exit(&md->bs);
                bioset_exit(&md->io_bs);

        } else if (bioset_initialized(&md->bs)) {
                /*
                 * There's no need to reload with request-based dm
                 * because the size of front_pad doesn't change.
                 * Note for future: If you are to reload bioset,
                 * prep-ed requests in the queue may refer
                 * to bio from the old bioset, so you must walk
                 * through the queue to unprep.
                 */
                goto out;
        }

        BUG_ON(!p ||
               bioset_initialized(&md->bs) ||
               bioset_initialized(&md->io_bs));

        ret = bioset_init_from_src(&md->bs, &p->bs);
        if (ret)
                goto out;
        ret = bioset_init_from_src(&md->io_bs, &p->io_bs);
        if (ret)
                bioset_exit(&md->bs);
out:
        /* mempool bind completed, no longer need any mempools in the table */
        dm_table_free_md_mempools(t);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Bind a table to the device.
 */
static void event_callback(void *context)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        LIST_HEAD(uevents);
        struct mapped_device *md = (struct mapped_device *) context;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&md->uevent_lock, flags);
        list_splice_init(&md->uevent_list, &uevents);
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&md->uevent_lock, flags);

        dm_send_uevents(&uevents, &disk_to_dev(md->disk)->kobj);

        atomic_inc(&md->event_nr);
        wake_up(&md->eventq);
        dm_issue_global_event();
}

/*
 * Protected by md->suspend_lock obtained by dm_swap_table().
 */
static void __set_size(struct mapped_device *md, sector_t size)
{
        lockdep_assert_held(&md->suspend_lock);

        set_capacity(md->disk, size);

        i_size_write(md->bdev->bd_inode, (loff_t)size << SECTOR_SHIFT);
}

/*
 * Returns old map, which caller must destroy.
 */
static struct dm_table *__bind(struct mapped_device *md, struct dm_table *t,
                               struct queue_limits *limits)
{
        struct dm_table *old_map;
        struct request_queue *q = md->queue;
        bool request_based = dm_table_request_based(t);
        sector_t size;
        int ret;

        lockdep_assert_held(&md->suspend_lock);

        size = dm_table_get_size(t);

        /*
         * Wipe any geometry if the size of the table changed.
         */
        if (size != dm_get_size(md))
                memset(&md->geometry, 0, sizeof(md->geometry));

        __set_size(md, size);

        dm_table_event_callback(t, event_callback, md);

        /*
         * The queue hasn't been stopped yet, if the old table type wasn't
         * for request-based during suspension.  So stop it to prevent
         * I/O mapping before resume.
         * This must be done before setting the queue restrictions,
         * because request-based dm may be run just after the setting.
         */
        if (request_based)
                dm_stop_queue(q);

        if (request_based || md->type == DM_TYPE_NVME_BIO_BASED) {
                /*
                 * Leverage the fact that request-based DM targets and
                 * NVMe bio based targets are immutable singletons
                 * - used to optimize both dm_request_fn and dm_mq_queue_rq;
                 *   and __process_bio.
                 */
                md->immutable_target = dm_table_get_immutable_target(t);
        }

        ret = __bind_mempools(md, t);
        if (ret) {
                old_map = ERR_PTR(ret);
                goto out;
        }

        old_map = rcu_dereference_protected(md->map, lockdep_is_held(&md->suspend_lock));
        rcu_assign_pointer(md->map, (void *)t);
        md->immutable_target_type = dm_table_get_immutable_target_type(t);

        dm_table_set_restrictions(t, q, limits);
        if (old_map)
                dm_sync_table(md);

out:
        return old_map;
}

/*
 * Returns unbound table for the caller to free.
 */
static struct dm_table *__unbind(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        struct dm_table *map = rcu_dereference_protected(md->map, 1);

        if (!map)
                return NULL;

        dm_table_event_callback(map, NULL, NULL);
        RCU_INIT_POINTER(md->map, NULL);
        dm_sync_table(md);

        return map;
}

/*
 * Constructor for a new device.
 */
int dm_create(int minor, struct mapped_device **result)
{
        int r;
        struct mapped_device *md;

        md = alloc_dev(minor);
        if (!md)
                return -ENXIO;

        r = dm_sysfs_init(md);
        if (r) {
                free_dev(md);
                return r;
        }

        *result = md;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Functions to manage md->type.
 * All are required to hold md->type_lock.
 */
void dm_lock_md_type(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        mutex_lock(&md->type_lock);
}

void dm_unlock_md_type(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        mutex_unlock(&md->type_lock);
}

void dm_set_md_type(struct mapped_device *md, enum dm_queue_mode type)
{
        BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&md->type_lock));
        md->type = type;
}

enum dm_queue_mode dm_get_md_type(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return md->type;
}

struct target_type *dm_get_immutable_target_type(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return md->immutable_target_type;
}

/*
 * The queue_limits are only valid as long as you have a reference
 * count on 'md'.
 */
struct queue_limits *dm_get_queue_limits(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        BUG_ON(!atomic_read(&md->holders));
        return &md->queue->limits;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_get_queue_limits);

/*
 * Setup the DM device's queue based on md's type
 */
int dm_setup_md_queue(struct mapped_device *md, struct dm_table *t)
{
        int r;
        struct queue_limits limits;
        enum dm_queue_mode type = dm_get_md_type(md);

        switch (type) {
        case DM_TYPE_REQUEST_BASED:
                r = dm_mq_init_request_queue(md, t);
                if (r) {
                        DMERR("Cannot initialize queue for request-based dm-mq mapped device");
                        return r;
                }
                break;
        case DM_TYPE_BIO_BASED:
        case DM_TYPE_DAX_BIO_BASED:
        case DM_TYPE_NVME_BIO_BASED:
                dm_init_normal_md_queue(md);
                blk_queue_make_request(md->queue, dm_make_request);
                break;
        case DM_TYPE_NONE:
                WARN_ON_ONCE(true);
                break;
        }

        r = dm_calculate_queue_limits(t, &limits);
        if (r) {
                DMERR("Cannot calculate initial queue limits");
                return r;
        }
        dm_table_set_restrictions(t, md->queue, &limits);
        blk_register_queue(md->disk);

        return 0;
}

struct mapped_device *dm_get_md(dev_t dev)
{
        struct mapped_device *md;
        unsigned minor = MINOR(dev);

        if (MAJOR(dev) != _major || minor >= (1 << MINORBITS))
                return NULL;

        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);

        md = idr_find(&_minor_idr, minor);
        if (!md || md == MINOR_ALLOCED || (MINOR(disk_devt(dm_disk(md))) != minor) ||
            test_bit(DMF_FREEING, &md->flags) || dm_deleting_md(md)) {
                md = NULL;
                goto out;
        }
        dm_get(md);
out:
        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);

        return md;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_get_md);

void *dm_get_mdptr(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return md->interface_ptr;
}

void dm_set_mdptr(struct mapped_device *md, void *ptr)
{
        md->interface_ptr = ptr;
}

void dm_get(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        atomic_inc(&md->holders);
        BUG_ON(test_bit(DMF_FREEING, &md->flags));
}

int dm_hold(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);
        if (test_bit(DMF_FREEING, &md->flags)) {
                spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);
                return -EBUSY;
        }
        dm_get(md);
        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);
        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_hold);

const char *dm_device_name(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return md->name;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_device_name);

static void __dm_destroy(struct mapped_device *md, bool wait)
{
        struct dm_table *map;
        int srcu_idx;

        might_sleep();

        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);
        idr_replace(&_minor_idr, MINOR_ALLOCED, MINOR(disk_devt(dm_disk(md))));
        set_bit(DMF_FREEING, &md->flags);
        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);

        blk_set_queue_dying(md->queue);

        /*
         * Take suspend_lock so that presuspend and postsuspend methods
         * do not race with internal suspend.
         */
        mutex_lock(&md->suspend_lock);
        map = dm_get_live_table(md, &srcu_idx);
        if (!dm_suspended_md(md)) {
                dm_table_presuspend_targets(map);
                dm_table_postsuspend_targets(map);
        }
        /* dm_put_live_table must be before msleep, otherwise deadlock is possible */
        dm_put_live_table(md, srcu_idx);
        mutex_unlock(&md->suspend_lock);

        /*
         * Rare, but there may be I/O requests still going to complete,
         * for example.  Wait for all references to disappear.
         * No one should increment the reference count of the mapped_device,
         * after the mapped_device state becomes DMF_FREEING.
         */
        if (wait)
                while (atomic_read(&md->holders))
                        msleep(1);
        else if (atomic_read(&md->holders))
                DMWARN("%s: Forcibly removing mapped_device still in use! (%d users)",
                       dm_device_name(md), atomic_read(&md->holders));

        dm_sysfs_exit(md);
        dm_table_destroy(__unbind(md));
        free_dev(md);
}

void dm_destroy(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        __dm_destroy(md, true);
}

void dm_destroy_immediate(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        __dm_destroy(md, false);
}

void dm_put(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        atomic_dec(&md->holders);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_put);

static int dm_wait_for_completion(struct mapped_device *md, long task_state)
{
        int r = 0;
        DEFINE_WAIT(wait);

        while (1) {
                prepare_to_wait(&md->wait, &wait, task_state);

                if (!md_in_flight(md))
                        break;

                if (signal_pending_state(task_state, current)) {
                        r = -EINTR;
                        break;
                }

                io_schedule();
        }
        finish_wait(&md->wait, &wait);

        return r;
}

/*
 * Process the deferred bios
 */
static void dm_wq_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = container_of(work, struct mapped_device,
                                                work);
        struct bio *c;
        int srcu_idx;
        struct dm_table *map;

        map = dm_get_live_table(md, &srcu_idx);

        while (!test_bit(DMF_BLOCK_IO_FOR_SUSPEND, &md->flags)) {
                spin_lock_irq(&md->deferred_lock);
                c = bio_list_pop(&md->deferred);
                spin_unlock_irq(&md->deferred_lock);

                if (!c)
                        break;

                if (dm_request_based(md))
                        (void) generic_make_request(c);
                else
                        (void) dm_process_bio(md, map, c);
        }

        dm_put_live_table(md, srcu_idx);
}

static void dm_queue_flush(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        clear_bit(DMF_BLOCK_IO_FOR_SUSPEND, &md->flags);
        smp_mb__after_atomic();
        queue_work(md->wq, &md->work);
}

/*
 * Swap in a new table, returning the old one for the caller to destroy.
 */
struct dm_table *dm_swap_table(struct mapped_device *md, struct dm_table *table)
{
        struct dm_table *live_map = NULL, *map = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
        struct queue_limits limits;
        int r;

        mutex_lock(&md->suspend_lock);

        /* device must be suspended */
        if (!dm_suspended_md(md))
                goto out;

        /*
         * If the new table has no data devices, retain the existing limits.
         * This helps multipath with queue_if_no_path if all paths disappear,
         * then new I/O is queued based on these limits, and then some paths
         * reappear.
         */
        if (dm_table_has_no_data_devices(table)) {
                live_map = dm_get_live_table_fast(md);
                if (live_map)
                        limits = md->queue->limits;
                dm_put_live_table_fast(md);
        }

        if (!live_map) {
                r = dm_calculate_queue_limits(table, &limits);
                if (r) {
                        map = ERR_PTR(r);
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        map = __bind(md, table, &limits);
        dm_issue_global_event();

out:
        mutex_unlock(&md->suspend_lock);
        return map;
}

/*
 * Functions to lock and unlock any filesystem running on the
 * device.
 */
static int lock_fs(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        int r;

        WARN_ON(md->frozen_sb);

        md->frozen_sb = freeze_bdev(md->bdev);
        if (IS_ERR(md->frozen_sb)) {
                r = PTR_ERR(md->frozen_sb);
                md->frozen_sb = NULL;
                return r;
        }

        set_bit(DMF_FROZEN, &md->flags);

        return 0;
}

static void unlock_fs(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        if (!test_bit(DMF_FROZEN, &md->flags))
                return;

        thaw_bdev(md->bdev, md->frozen_sb);
        md->frozen_sb = NULL;
        clear_bit(DMF_FROZEN, &md->flags);
}

/*
 * @suspend_flags: DM_SUSPEND_LOCKFS_FLAG and/or DM_SUSPEND_NOFLUSH_FLAG
 * @task_state: e.g. TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE or TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE
 * @dmf_suspended_flag: DMF_SUSPENDED or DMF_SUSPENDED_INTERNALLY
 *
 * If __dm_suspend returns 0, the device is completely quiescent
 * now. There is no request-processing activity. All new requests
 * are being added to md->deferred list.
 */
static int __dm_suspend(struct mapped_device *md, struct dm_table *map,
                        unsigned suspend_flags, long task_state,
                        int dmf_suspended_flag)
{
        bool do_lockfs = suspend_flags & DM_SUSPEND_LOCKFS_FLAG;
        bool noflush = suspend_flags & DM_SUSPEND_NOFLUSH_FLAG;
        int r;

        lockdep_assert_held(&md->suspend_lock);

        /*
         * DMF_NOFLUSH_SUSPENDING must be set before presuspend.
         * This flag is cleared before dm_suspend returns.
         */
        if (noflush)
                set_bit(DMF_NOFLUSH_SUSPENDING, &md->flags);
        else
                pr_debug("%s: suspending with flush\n", dm_device_name(md));

        /*
         * This gets reverted if there's an error later and the targets
         * provide the .presuspend_undo hook.
         */
        dm_table_presuspend_targets(map);

        /*
         * Flush I/O to the device.
         * Any I/O submitted after lock_fs() may not be flushed.
         * noflush takes precedence over do_lockfs.
         * (lock_fs() flushes I/Os and waits for them to complete.)
         */
        if (!noflush && do_lockfs) {
                r = lock_fs(md);
                if (r) {
                        dm_table_presuspend_undo_targets(map);
                        return r;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Here we must make sure that no processes are submitting requests
         * to target drivers i.e. no one may be executing
         * __split_and_process_bio. This is called from dm_request and
         * dm_wq_work.
         *
         * To get all processes out of __split_and_process_bio in dm_request,
         * we take the write lock. To prevent any process from reentering
         * __split_and_process_bio from dm_request and quiesce the thread
         * (dm_wq_work), we set BMF_BLOCK_IO_FOR_SUSPEND and call
         * flush_workqueue(md->wq).
         */
        set_bit(DMF_BLOCK_IO_FOR_SUSPEND, &md->flags);
        if (map)
                synchronize_srcu(&md->io_barrier);

        /*
         * Stop md->queue before flushing md->wq in case request-based
         * dm defers requests to md->wq from md->queue.
         */
        if (dm_request_based(md))
                dm_stop_queue(md->queue);

        flush_workqueue(md->wq);

        /*
         * At this point no more requests are entering target request routines.
         * We call dm_wait_for_completion to wait for all existing requests
         * to finish.
         */
        r = dm_wait_for_completion(md, task_state);
        if (!r)
                set_bit(dmf_suspended_flag, &md->flags);

        if (noflush)
                clear_bit(DMF_NOFLUSH_SUSPENDING, &md->flags);
        if (map)
                synchronize_srcu(&md->io_barrier);

        /* were we interrupted ? */
        if (r < 0) {
                dm_queue_flush(md);

                if (dm_request_based(md))
                        dm_start_queue(md->queue);

                unlock_fs(md);
                dm_table_presuspend_undo_targets(map);
                /* pushback list is already flushed, so skip flush */
        }

        return r;
}

/*
 * We need to be able to change a mapping table under a mounted
 * filesystem.  For example we might want to move some data in
 * the background.  Before the table can be swapped with
 * dm_bind_table, dm_suspend must be called to flush any in
 * flight bios and ensure that any further io gets deferred.
 */
/*
 * Suspend mechanism in request-based dm.
 *
 * 1. Flush all I/Os by lock_fs() if needed.
 * 2. Stop dispatching any I/O by stopping the request_queue.
 * 3. Wait for all in-flight I/Os to be completed or requeued.
 *
 * To abort suspend, start the request_queue.
 */
int dm_suspend(struct mapped_device *md, unsigned suspend_flags)
{
        struct dm_table *map = NULL;
        int r = 0;

retry:
        mutex_lock_nested(&md->suspend_lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);

        if (dm_suspended_md(md)) {
                r = -EINVAL;
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        if (dm_suspended_internally_md(md)) {
                /* already internally suspended, wait for internal resume */
                mutex_unlock(&md->suspend_lock);
                r = wait_on_bit(&md->flags, DMF_SUSPENDED_INTERNALLY, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
                if (r)
                        return r;
                goto retry;
        }

        map = rcu_dereference_protected(md->map, lockdep_is_held(&md->suspend_lock));

        r = __dm_suspend(md, map, suspend_flags, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, DMF_SUSPENDED);
        if (r)
                goto out_unlock;

        dm_table_postsuspend_targets(map);

out_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&md->suspend_lock);
        return r;
}

static int __dm_resume(struct mapped_device *md, struct dm_table *map)
{
        if (map) {
                int r = dm_table_resume_targets(map);
                if (r)
                        return r;
        }

        dm_queue_flush(md);

        /*
         * Flushing deferred I/Os must be done after targets are resumed
         * so that mapping of targets can work correctly.
         * Request-based dm is queueing the deferred I/Os in its request_queue.
         */
        if (dm_request_based(md))
                dm_start_queue(md->queue);

        unlock_fs(md);

        return 0;
}

int dm_resume(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        int r;
        struct dm_table *map = NULL;

retry:
        r = -EINVAL;
        mutex_lock_nested(&md->suspend_lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);

        if (!dm_suspended_md(md))
                goto out;

        if (dm_suspended_internally_md(md)) {
                /* already internally suspended, wait for internal resume */
                mutex_unlock(&md->suspend_lock);
                r = wait_on_bit(&md->flags, DMF_SUSPENDED_INTERNALLY, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
                if (r)
                        return r;
                goto retry;
        }

        map = rcu_dereference_protected(md->map, lockdep_is_held(&md->suspend_lock));
        if (!map || !dm_table_get_size(map))
                goto out;

        r = __dm_resume(md, map);
        if (r)
                goto out;

        clear_bit(DMF_SUSPENDED, &md->flags);
out:
        mutex_unlock(&md->suspend_lock);

        return r;
}

/*
 * Internal suspend/resume works like userspace-driven suspend. It waits
 * until all bios finish and prevents issuing new bios to the target drivers.
 * It may be used only from the kernel.
 */

static void __dm_internal_suspend(struct mapped_device *md, unsigned suspend_flags)
{
        struct dm_table *map = NULL;

        lockdep_assert_held(&md->suspend_lock);

        if (md->internal_suspend_count++)
                return; /* nested internal suspend */

        if (dm_suspended_md(md)) {
                set_bit(DMF_SUSPENDED_INTERNALLY, &md->flags);
                return; /* nest suspend */
        }

        map = rcu_dereference_protected(md->map, lockdep_is_held(&md->suspend_lock));

        /*
         * Using TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE because only NOFLUSH internal suspend is
         * supported.  Properly supporting a TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE internal suspend
         * would require changing .presuspend to return an error -- avoid this
         * until there is a need for more elaborate variants of internal suspend.
         */
        (void) __dm_suspend(md, map, suspend_flags, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE,
                            DMF_SUSPENDED_INTERNALLY);

        dm_table_postsuspend_targets(map);
}

static void __dm_internal_resume(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        BUG_ON(!md->internal_suspend_count);

        if (--md->internal_suspend_count)
                return; /* resume from nested internal suspend */

        if (dm_suspended_md(md))
                goto done; /* resume from nested suspend */

        /*
         * NOTE: existing callers don't need to call dm_table_resume_targets
         * (which may fail -- so best to avoid it for now by passing NULL map)
         */
        (void) __dm_resume(md, NULL);

done:
        clear_bit(DMF_SUSPENDED_INTERNALLY, &md->flags);
        smp_mb__after_atomic();
        wake_up_bit(&md->flags, DMF_SUSPENDED_INTERNALLY);
}

void dm_internal_suspend_noflush(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        mutex_lock(&md->suspend_lock);
        __dm_internal_suspend(md, DM_SUSPEND_NOFLUSH_FLAG);
        mutex_unlock(&md->suspend_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_internal_suspend_noflush);

void dm_internal_resume(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        mutex_lock(&md->suspend_lock);
        __dm_internal_resume(md);
        mutex_unlock(&md->suspend_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_internal_resume);

/*
 * Fast variants of internal suspend/resume hold md->suspend_lock,
 * which prevents interaction with userspace-driven suspend.
 */

void dm_internal_suspend_fast(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        mutex_lock(&md->suspend_lock);
        if (dm_suspended_md(md) || dm_suspended_internally_md(md))
                return;

        set_bit(DMF_BLOCK_IO_FOR_SUSPEND, &md->flags);
        synchronize_srcu(&md->io_barrier);
        flush_workqueue(md->wq);
        dm_wait_for_completion(md, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_internal_suspend_fast);

void dm_internal_resume_fast(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        if (dm_suspended_md(md) || dm_suspended_internally_md(md))
                goto done;

        dm_queue_flush(md);

done:
        mutex_unlock(&md->suspend_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_internal_resume_fast);

/*-----------------------------------------------------------------
 * Event notification.
 *---------------------------------------------------------------*/
int dm_kobject_uevent(struct mapped_device *md, enum kobject_action action,
                       unsigned cookie)
{
        char udev_cookie[DM_COOKIE_LENGTH];
        char *envp[] = { udev_cookie, NULL };

        if (!cookie)
                return kobject_uevent(&disk_to_dev(md->disk)->kobj, action);
        else {
                snprintf(udev_cookie, DM_COOKIE_LENGTH, "%s=%u",
                         DM_COOKIE_ENV_VAR_NAME, cookie);
                return kobject_uevent_env(&disk_to_dev(md->disk)->kobj,
                                          action, envp);
        }
}

uint32_t dm_next_uevent_seq(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return atomic_add_return(1, &md->uevent_seq);
}

uint32_t dm_get_event_nr(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return atomic_read(&md->event_nr);
}

int dm_wait_event(struct mapped_device *md, int event_nr)
{
        return wait_event_interruptible(md->eventq,
                        (event_nr != atomic_read(&md->event_nr)));
}

void dm_uevent_add(struct mapped_device *md, struct list_head *elist)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&md->uevent_lock, flags);
        list_add(elist, &md->uevent_list);
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&md->uevent_lock, flags);
}

/*
 * The gendisk is only valid as long as you have a reference
 * count on 'md'.
 */
struct gendisk *dm_disk(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return md->disk;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_disk);

struct kobject *dm_kobject(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return &md->kobj_holder.kobj;
}

struct mapped_device *dm_get_from_kobject(struct kobject *kobj)
{
        struct mapped_device *md;

        md = container_of(kobj, struct mapped_device, kobj_holder.kobj);

        spin_lock(&_minor_lock);
        if (test_bit(DMF_FREEING, &md->flags) || dm_deleting_md(md)) {
                md = NULL;
                goto out;
        }
        dm_get(md);
out:
        spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);

        return md;
}

int dm_suspended_md(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return test_bit(DMF_SUSPENDED, &md->flags);
}

int dm_suspended_internally_md(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return test_bit(DMF_SUSPENDED_INTERNALLY, &md->flags);
}

int dm_test_deferred_remove_flag(struct mapped_device *md)
{
        return test_bit(DMF_DEFERRED_REMOVE, &md->flags);
}

int dm_suspended(struct dm_target *ti)
{
        return dm_suspended_md(dm_table_get_md(ti->table));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_suspended);

int dm_noflush_suspending(struct dm_target *ti)
{
        return __noflush_suspending(dm_table_get_md(ti->table));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_noflush_suspending);

struct dm_md_mempools *dm_alloc_md_mempools(struct mapped_device *md, enum dm_queue_mode type,
                                            unsigned integrity, unsigned per_io_data_size,
                                            unsigned min_pool_size)
{
        struct dm_md_mempools *pools = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*pools), GFP_KERNEL, md->numa_node_id);
        unsigned int pool_size = 0;
        unsigned int front_pad, io_front_pad;
        int ret;

        if (!pools)
                return NULL;

        switch (type) {
        case DM_TYPE_BIO_BASED:
        case DM_TYPE_DAX_BIO_BASED:
        case DM_TYPE_NVME_BIO_BASED:
                pool_size = max(dm_get_reserved_bio_based_ios(), min_pool_size);
                front_pad = roundup(per_io_data_size, __alignof__(struct dm_target_io)) + offsetof(struct dm_target_io, clone);
                io_front_pad = roundup(front_pad,  __alignof__(struct dm_io)) + offsetof(struct dm_io, tio);
                ret = bioset_init(&pools->io_bs, pool_size, io_front_pad, 0);
                if (ret)
                        goto out;
                if (integrity && bioset_integrity_create(&pools->io_bs, pool_size))
                        goto out;
                break;
        case DM_TYPE_REQUEST_BASED:
                pool_size = max(dm_get_reserved_rq_based_ios(), min_pool_size);
                front_pad = offsetof(struct dm_rq_clone_bio_info, clone);
                /* per_io_data_size is used for blk-mq pdu at queue allocation */
                break;
        default:
                BUG();
        }

        ret = bioset_init(&pools->bs, pool_size, front_pad, 0);
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        if (integrity && bioset_integrity_create(&pools->bs, pool_size))
                goto out;

        return pools;

out:
        dm_free_md_mempools(pools);

        return NULL;
}

void dm_free_md_mempools(struct dm_md_mempools *pools)
{
        if (!pools)
                return;

        bioset_exit(&pools->bs);
        bioset_exit(&pools->io_bs);

        kfree(pools);
}

struct dm_pr {
        u64     old_key;
        u64     new_key;
        u32     flags;
        bool    fail_early;
};

static int dm_call_pr(struct block_device *bdev, iterate_devices_callout_fn fn,
                      void *data)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
        struct dm_table *table;
        struct dm_target *ti;
        int ret = -ENOTTY, srcu_idx;

        table = dm_get_live_table(md, &srcu_idx);
        if (!table || !dm_table_get_size(table))
                goto out;

        /* We only support devices that have a single target */
        if (dm_table_get_num_targets(table) != 1)
                goto out;
        ti = dm_table_get_target(table, 0);

        ret = -EINVAL;
        if (!ti->type->iterate_devices)
                goto out;

        ret = ti->type->iterate_devices(ti, fn, data);
out:
        dm_put_live_table(md, srcu_idx);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * For register / unregister we need to manually call out to every path.
 */
static int __dm_pr_register(struct dm_target *ti, struct dm_dev *dev,
                            sector_t start, sector_t len, void *data)
{
        struct dm_pr *pr = data;
        const struct pr_ops *ops = dev->bdev->bd_disk->fops->pr_ops;

        if (!ops || !ops->pr_register)
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
        return ops->pr_register(dev->bdev, pr->old_key, pr->new_key, pr->flags);
}

static int dm_pr_register(struct block_device *bdev, u64 old_key, u64 new_key,
                          u32 flags)
{
        struct dm_pr pr = {
                .old_key        = old_key,
                .new_key        = new_key,
                .flags          = flags,
                .fail_early     = true,
        };
        int ret;

        ret = dm_call_pr(bdev, __dm_pr_register, &pr);
        if (ret && new_key) {
                /* unregister all paths if we failed to register any path */
                pr.old_key = new_key;
                pr.new_key = 0;
                pr.flags = 0;
                pr.fail_early = false;
                dm_call_pr(bdev, __dm_pr_register, &pr);
        }

        return ret;
}

static int dm_pr_reserve(struct block_device *bdev, u64 key, enum pr_type type,
                         u32 flags)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
        const struct pr_ops *ops;
        int r, srcu_idx;

        r = dm_prepare_ioctl(md, &srcu_idx, &bdev);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;

        ops = bdev->bd_disk->fops->pr_ops;
        if (ops && ops->pr_reserve)
                r = ops->pr_reserve(bdev, key, type, flags);
        else
                r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
out:
        dm_unprepare_ioctl(md, srcu_idx);
        return r;
}

static int dm_pr_release(struct block_device *bdev, u64 key, enum pr_type type)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
        const struct pr_ops *ops;
        int r, srcu_idx;

        r = dm_prepare_ioctl(md, &srcu_idx, &bdev);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;

        ops = bdev->bd_disk->fops->pr_ops;
        if (ops && ops->pr_release)
                r = ops->pr_release(bdev, key, type);
        else
                r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
out:
        dm_unprepare_ioctl(md, srcu_idx);
        return r;
}

static int dm_pr_preempt(struct block_device *bdev, u64 old_key, u64 new_key,
                         enum pr_type type, bool abort)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
        const struct pr_ops *ops;
        int r, srcu_idx;

        r = dm_prepare_ioctl(md, &srcu_idx, &bdev);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;

        ops = bdev->bd_disk->fops->pr_ops;
        if (ops && ops->pr_preempt)
                r = ops->pr_preempt(bdev, old_key, new_key, type, abort);
        else
                r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
out:
        dm_unprepare_ioctl(md, srcu_idx);
        return r;
}

static int dm_pr_clear(struct block_device *bdev, u64 key)
{
        struct mapped_device *md = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
        const struct pr_ops *ops;
        int r, srcu_idx;

        r = dm_prepare_ioctl(md, &srcu_idx, &bdev);
        if (r < 0)
                goto out;

        ops = bdev->bd_disk->fops->pr_ops;
        if (ops && ops->pr_clear)
                r = ops->pr_clear(bdev, key);
        else
                r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
out:
        dm_unprepare_ioctl(md, srcu_idx);
        return r;
}

static const struct pr_ops dm_pr_ops = {
        .pr_register    = dm_pr_register,
        .pr_reserve     = dm_pr_reserve,
        .pr_release     = dm_pr_release,
        .pr_preempt     = dm_pr_preempt,
        .pr_clear       = dm_pr_clear,
};

static const struct block_device_operations dm_blk_dops = {
        .open = dm_blk_open,
        .release = dm_blk_close,
        .ioctl = dm_blk_ioctl,
        .getgeo = dm_blk_getgeo,
        .report_zones = dm_blk_report_zones,
        .pr_ops = &dm_pr_ops,
        .owner = THIS_MODULE
};

static const struct dax_operations dm_dax_ops = {
        .direct_access = dm_dax_direct_access,
        .copy_from_iter = dm_dax_copy_from_iter,
        .copy_to_iter = dm_dax_copy_to_iter,
};

/*
 * module hooks
 */
module_init(dm_init);
module_exit(dm_exit);

module_param(major, uint, 0);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(major, "The major number of the device mapper");

module_param(reserved_bio_based_ios, uint, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(reserved_bio_based_ios, "Reserved IOs in bio-based mempools");

module_param(dm_numa_node, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(dm_numa_node, "NUMA node for DM device memory allocations");

MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DM_NAME " driver");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Joe Thornber <dm-devel@redhat.com>");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");