arch/x86/include/asm/system.h

   1 #ifndef _ASM_X86_SYSTEM_H
   2 #define _ASM_X86_SYSTEM_H
   3
   4 #include <asm/asm.h>
   5 #include <asm/segment.h>
   6 #include <asm/cpufeature.h>
   7 #include <asm/cmpxchg.h>
   8 #include <asm/nops.h>
   9
  10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
  11 #include <linux/irqflags.h>
  12
  13 /* entries in ARCH_DLINFO: */
  14 #if defined(CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION) || !defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
  15 # define AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH 2
  16 #else /* else it's non-compat x86-64 */
  17 # define AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH 1
  18 #endif
  19
  20 struct task_struct; /* one of the stranger aspects of C forward declarations */
  21 struct task_struct *__switch_to(struct task_struct *prev,
  22                                 struct task_struct *next);
  23 struct tss_struct;
  24 void __switch_to_xtra(struct task_struct *prev_p, struct task_struct *next_p,
  25                       struct tss_struct *tss);
  26 extern void show_regs_common(void);
  27
  28 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  29
  30 #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
  31 #define __switch_canary                                                 \
  32         "movl %P[task_canary](%[next]), %%ebx\n\t"                      \
  33         "movl %%ebx, "__percpu_arg([stack_canary])"\n\t"
  34 #define __switch_canary_oparam                                          \
  35         , [stack_canary] "=m" (stack_canary.canary)
  36 #define __switch_canary_iparam                                          \
  37         , [task_canary] "i" (offsetof(struct task_struct, stack_canary))
  38 #else   /* CC_STACKPROTECTOR */
  39 #define __switch_canary
  40 #define __switch_canary_oparam
  41 #define __switch_canary_iparam
  42 #endif  /* CC_STACKPROTECTOR */
  43
  44 /*
  45  * Saving eflags is important. It switches not only IOPL between tasks,
  46  * it also protects other tasks from NT leaking through sysenter etc.
  47  */
  48 #define switch_to(prev, next, last)                                     \
  49 do {                                                                    \
  50         /*                                                              \
  51          * Context-switching clobbers all registers, so we clobber      \
  52          * them explicitly, via unused output variables.                \
  53          * (EAX and EBP is not listed because EBP is saved/restored     \
  54          * explicitly for wchan access and EAX is the return value of   \
  55          * __switch_to())                                               \
  56          */                                                             \
  57         unsigned long ebx, ecx, edx, esi, edi;                          \
  58                                                                         \
  59         asm volatile("pushfl\n\t"               /* save    flags */     \
  60                      "pushl %%ebp\n\t"          /* save    EBP   */     \
  61                      "movl %%esp,%[prev_sp]\n\t"        /* save    ESP   */ \
  62                      "movl %[next_sp],%%esp\n\t"        /* restore ESP   */ \
  63                      "movl $1f,%[prev_ip]\n\t"  /* save    EIP   */     \
  64                      "pushl %[next_ip]\n\t"     /* restore EIP   */     \
  65                      __switch_canary                                    \
  66                      "jmp __switch_to\n"        /* regparm call  */     \
  67                      "1:\t"                                             \
  68                      "popl %%ebp\n\t"           /* restore EBP   */     \
  69                      "popfl\n"                  /* restore flags */     \
  70                                                                         \
  71                      /* output parameters */                            \
  72                      : [prev_sp] "=m" (prev->thread.sp),                \
  73                        [prev_ip] "=m" (prev->thread.ip),                \
  74                        "=a" (last),                                     \
  75                                                                         \
  76                        /* clobbered output registers: */                \
  77                        "=b" (ebx), "=c" (ecx), "=d" (edx),              \
  78                        "=S" (esi), "=D" (edi)                           \
  79                                                                         \
  80                        __switch_canary_oparam                           \
  81                                                                         \
  82                        /* input parameters: */                          \
  83                      : [next_sp]  "m" (next->thread.sp),                \
  84                        [next_ip]  "m" (next->thread.ip),                \
  85                                                                         \
  86                        /* regparm parameters for __switch_to(): */      \
  87                        [prev]     "a" (prev),                           \
  88                        [next]     "d" (next)                            \
  89                                                                         \
  90                        __switch_canary_iparam                           \
  91                                                                         \
  92                      : /* reloaded segment registers */                 \
  93                         "memory");                                      \
  94 } while (0)
  95
  96 /*
  97  * disable hlt during certain critical i/o operations
  98  */
  99 #define HAVE_DISABLE_HLT
 100 #else
 101 #define __SAVE(reg, offset) "movq %%" #reg ",(14-" #offset ")*8(%%rsp)\n\t"
 102 #define __RESTORE(reg, offset) "movq (14-" #offset ")*8(%%rsp),%%" #reg "\n\t"
 103
 104 /* frame pointer must be last for get_wchan */
 105 #define SAVE_CONTEXT    "pushf ; pushq %%rbp ; movq %%rsi,%%rbp\n\t"
 106 #define RESTORE_CONTEXT "movq %%rbp,%%rsi ; popq %%rbp ; popf\t"
 107
 108 #define __EXTRA_CLOBBER  \
 109         , "rcx", "rbx", "rdx", "r8", "r9", "r10", "r11", \
 110           "r12", "r13", "r14", "r15"
 111
 112 #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
 113 #define __switch_canary                                                   \
 114         "movq %P[task_canary](%%rsi),%%r8\n\t"                            \
 115         "movq %%r8,"__percpu_arg([gs_canary])"\n\t"
 116 #define __switch_canary_oparam                                            \
 117         , [gs_canary] "=m" (irq_stack_union.stack_canary)
 118 #define __switch_canary_iparam                                            \
 119         , [task_canary] "i" (offsetof(struct task_struct, stack_canary))
 120 #else   /* CC_STACKPROTECTOR */
 121 #define __switch_canary
 122 #define __switch_canary_oparam
 123 #define __switch_canary_iparam
 124 #endif  /* CC_STACKPROTECTOR */
 125
 126 /* Save restore flags to clear handle leaking NT */
 127 #define switch_to(prev, next, last) \
 128         asm volatile(SAVE_CONTEXT                                         \
 129              "movq %%rsp,%P[threadrsp](%[prev])\n\t" /* save RSP */       \
 130              "movq %P[threadrsp](%[next]),%%rsp\n\t" /* restore RSP */    \
 131              "call __switch_to\n\t"                                       \
 132              "movq "__percpu_arg([current_task])",%%rsi\n\t"              \
 133              __switch_canary                                              \
 134              "movq %P[thread_info](%%rsi),%%r8\n\t"                       \
 135              "movq %%rax,%%rdi\n\t"                                       \
 136              "testl  %[_tif_fork],%P[ti_flags](%%r8)\n\t"                 \
 137              "jnz   ret_from_fork\n\t"                                    \
 138              RESTORE_CONTEXT                                              \
 139              : "=a" (last)                                                \
 140                __switch_canary_oparam                                     \
 141              : [next] "S" (next), [prev] "D" (prev),                      \
 142                [threadrsp] "i" (offsetof(struct task_struct, thread.sp)), \
 143                [ti_flags] "i" (offsetof(struct thread_info, flags)),      \
 144                [_tif_fork] "i" (_TIF_FORK),                               \
 145                [thread_info] "i" (offsetof(struct task_struct, stack)),   \
 146                [current_task] "m" (current_task)                          \
 147                __switch_canary_iparam                                     \
 148              : "memory", "cc" __EXTRA_CLOBBER)
 149 #endif
 150
 151 #ifdef __KERNEL__
 152
 153 extern void native_load_gs_index(unsigned);
 154
 155 /*
 156  * Load a segment. Fall back on loading the zero
 157  * segment if something goes wrong..
 158  */
 159 #define loadsegment(seg, value)                                         \
 160 do {                                                                    \
 161         unsigned short __val = (value);                                 \
 162                                                                         \
 163         asm volatile("                                          \n"     \
 164                      "1:        movl %k0,%%" #seg "             \n"     \
 165                                                                         \
 166                      ".section .fixup,\"ax\"                    \n"     \
 167                      "2:        xorl %k0,%k0                    \n"     \
 168                      "          jmp 1b                          \n"     \
 169                      ".previous                                 \n"     \
 170                                                                         \
 171                      _ASM_EXTABLE(1b, 2b)                               \
 172                                                                         \
 173                      : "+r" (__val) : : "memory");                      \
 174 } while (0)
 175
 176 /*
 177  * Save a segment register away
 178  */
 179 #define savesegment(seg, value)                         \
 180         asm("mov %%" #seg ",%0":"=r" (value) : : "memory")
 181
 182 /*
 183  * x86_32 user gs accessors.
 184  */
 185 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
 186 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32_LAZY_GS
 187 #define get_user_gs(regs)       (u16)({unsigned long v; savesegment(gs, v); v;})
 188 #define set_user_gs(regs, v)    loadsegment(gs, (unsigned long)(v))
 189 #define task_user_gs(tsk)       ((tsk)->thread.gs)
 190 #define lazy_save_gs(v)         savesegment(gs, (v))
 191 #define lazy_load_gs(v)         loadsegment(gs, (v))
 192 #else   /* X86_32_LAZY_GS */
 193 #define get_user_gs(regs)       (u16)((regs)->gs)
 194 #define set_user_gs(regs, v)    do { (regs)->gs = (v); } while (0)
 195 #define task_user_gs(tsk)       (task_pt_regs(tsk)->gs)
 196 #define lazy_save_gs(v)         do { } while (0)
 197 #define lazy_load_gs(v)         do { } while (0)
 198 #endif  /* X86_32_LAZY_GS */
 199 #endif  /* X86_32 */
 200
 201 static inline unsigned long get_limit(unsigned long segment)
 202 {
 203         unsigned long __limit;
 204         asm("lsll %1,%0" : "=r" (__limit) : "r" (segment));
 205         return __limit + 1;
 206 }
 207
 208 static inline void native_clts(void)
 209 {
 210         asm volatile("clts");
 211 }
 212
 213 /*
 214  * Volatile isn't enough to prevent the compiler from reordering the
 215  * read/write functions for the control registers and messing everything up.
 216  * A memory clobber would solve the problem, but would prevent reordering of
 217  * all loads stores around it, which can hurt performance. Solution is to
 218  * use a variable and mimic reads and writes to it to enforce serialization
 219  */
 220 static unsigned long __force_order;
 221
 222 static inline unsigned long native_read_cr0(void)
 223 {
 224         unsigned long val;
 225         asm volatile("mov %%cr0,%0\n\t" : "=r" (val), "=m" (__force_order));
 226         return val;
 227 }
 228
 229 static inline void native_write_cr0(unsigned long val)
 230 {
 231         asm volatile("mov %0,%%cr0": : "r" (val), "m" (__force_order));
 232 }
 233
 234 static inline unsigned long native_read_cr2(void)
 235 {
 236         unsigned long val;
 237         asm volatile("mov %%cr2,%0\n\t" : "=r" (val), "=m" (__force_order));
 238         return val;
 239 }
 240
 241 static inline void native_write_cr2(unsigned long val)
 242 {
 243         asm volatile("mov %0,%%cr2": : "r" (val), "m" (__force_order));
 244 }
 245
 246 static inline unsigned long native_read_cr3(void)
 247 {
 248         unsigned long val;
 249         asm volatile("mov %%cr3,%0\n\t" : "=r" (val), "=m" (__force_order));
 250         return val;
 251 }
 252
 253 static inline void native_write_cr3(unsigned long val)
 254 {
 255         asm volatile("mov %0,%%cr3": : "r" (val), "m" (__force_order));
 256 }
 257
 258 static inline unsigned long native_read_cr4(void)
 259 {
 260         unsigned long val;
 261         asm volatile("mov %%cr4,%0\n\t" : "=r" (val), "=m" (__force_order));
 262         return val;
 263 }
 264
 265 static inline unsigned long native_read_cr4_safe(void)
 266 {
 267         unsigned long val;
 268         /* This could fault if %cr4 does not exist. In x86_64, a cr4 always
 269          * exists, so it will never fail. */
 270 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
 271         asm volatile("1: mov %%cr4, %0\n"
 272                      "2:\n"
 273                      _ASM_EXTABLE(1b, 2b)
 274                      : "=r" (val), "=m" (__force_order) : "0" (0));
 275 #else
 276         val = native_read_cr4();
 277 #endif
 278         return val;
 279 }
 280
 281 static inline void native_write_cr4(unsigned long val)
 282 {
 283         asm volatile("mov %0,%%cr4": : "r" (val), "m" (__force_order));
 284 }
 285
 286 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 287 static inline unsigned long native_read_cr8(void)
 288 {
 289         unsigned long cr8;
 290         asm volatile("movq %%cr8,%0" : "=r" (cr8));
 291         return cr8;
 292 }
 293
 294 static inline void native_write_cr8(unsigned long val)
 295 {
 296         asm volatile("movq %0,%%cr8" :: "r" (val) : "memory");
 297 }
 298 #endif
 299
 300 static inline void native_wbinvd(void)
 301 {
 302         asm volatile("wbinvd": : :"memory");
 303 }
 304
 305 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
 306 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
 307 #else
 308 #define read_cr0()      (native_read_cr0())
 309 #define write_cr0(x)    (native_write_cr0(x))
 310 #define read_cr2()      (native_read_cr2())
 311 #define write_cr2(x)    (native_write_cr2(x))
 312 #define read_cr3()      (native_read_cr3())
 313 #define write_cr3(x)    (native_write_cr3(x))
 314 #define read_cr4()      (native_read_cr4())
 315 #define read_cr4_safe() (native_read_cr4_safe())
 316 #define write_cr4(x)    (native_write_cr4(x))
 317 #define wbinvd()        (native_wbinvd())
 318 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 319 #define read_cr8()      (native_read_cr8())
 320 #define write_cr8(x)    (native_write_cr8(x))
 321 #define load_gs_index   native_load_gs_index
 322 #endif
 323
 324 /* Clear the 'TS' bit */
 325 #define clts()          (native_clts())
 326
 327 #endif/* CONFIG_PARAVIRT */
 328
 329 #define stts() write_cr0(read_cr0() | X86_CR0_TS)
 330
 331 #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
 332
 333 static inline void clflush(volatile void *__p)
 334 {
 335         asm volatile("clflush %0" : "+m" (*(volatile char __force *)__p));
 336 }
 337
 338 #define nop() asm volatile ("nop")
 339
 340 void disable_hlt(void);
 341 void enable_hlt(void);
 342
 343 void cpu_idle_wait(void);
 344
 345 extern unsigned long arch_align_stack(unsigned long sp);
 346 extern void free_init_pages(char *what, unsigned long begin, unsigned long end);
 347
 348 void default_idle(void);
 349
 350 void stop_this_cpu(void *dummy);
 351
 352 /*
 353  * Force strict CPU ordering.
 354  * And yes, this is required on UP too when we're talking
 355  * to devices.
 356  */
 357 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
 358 /*
 359  * Some non-Intel clones support out of order store. wmb() ceases to be a
 360  * nop for these.
 361  */
 362 #define mb() alternative("lock; addl $0,0(%%esp)", "mfence", X86_FEATURE_XMM2)
 363 #define rmb() alternative("lock; addl $0,0(%%esp)", "lfence", X86_FEATURE_XMM2)
 364 #define wmb() alternative("lock; addl $0,0(%%esp)", "sfence", X86_FEATURE_XMM)
 365 #else
 366 #define mb()    asm volatile("mfence":::"memory")
 367 #define rmb()   asm volatile("lfence":::"memory")
 368 #define wmb()   asm volatile("sfence" ::: "memory")
 369 #endif
 370
 371 /**
 372  * read_barrier_depends - Flush all pending reads that subsequents reads
 373  * depend on.
 374  *
 375  * No data-dependent reads from memory-like regions are ever reordered
 376  * over this barrier.  All reads preceding this primitive are guaranteed
 377  * to access memory (but not necessarily other CPUs' caches) before any
 378  * reads following this primitive that depend on the data return by
 379  * any of the preceding reads.  This primitive is much lighter weight than
 380  * rmb() on most CPUs, and is never heavier weight than is
 381  * rmb().
 382  *
 383  * These ordering constraints are respected by both the local CPU
 384  * and the compiler.
 385  *
 386  * Ordering is not guaranteed by anything other than these primitives,
 387  * not even by data dependencies.  See the documentation for
 388  * memory_barrier() for examples and URLs to more information.
 389  *
 390  * For example, the following code would force ordering (the initial
 391  * value of "a" is zero, "b" is one, and "p" is "&a"):
 392  *
 393  * <programlisting>
 394  *      CPU 0                           CPU 1
 395  *
 396  *      b = 2;
 397  *      memory_barrier();
 398  *      p = &b;                         q = p;
 399  *                                      read_barrier_depends();
 400  *                                      d = *q;
 401  * </programlisting>
 402  *
 403  * because the read of "*q" depends on the read of "p" and these
 404  * two reads are separated by a read_barrier_depends().  However,
 405  * the following code, with the same initial values for "a" and "b":
 406  *
 407  * <programlisting>
 408  *      CPU 0                           CPU 1
 409  *
 410  *      a = 2;
 411  *      memory_barrier();
 412  *      b = 3;                          y = b;
 413  *                                      read_barrier_depends();
 414  *                                      x = a;
 415  * </programlisting>
 416  *
 417  * does not enforce ordering, since there is no data dependency between
 418  * the read of "a" and the read of "b".  Therefore, on some CPUs, such
 419  * as Alpha, "y" could be set to 3 and "x" to 0.  Use rmb()
 420  * in cases like this where there are no data dependencies.
 421  **/
 422
 423 #define read_barrier_depends()  do { } while (0)
 424
 425 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 426 #define smp_mb()        mb()
 427 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PPRO_FENCE
 428 # define smp_rmb()      rmb()
 429 #else
 430 # define smp_rmb()      barrier()
 431 #endif
 432 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_OOSTORE
 433 # define smp_wmb()      wmb()
 434 #else
 435 # define smp_wmb()      barrier()
 436 #endif
 437 #define smp_read_barrier_depends()      read_barrier_depends()
 438 #define set_mb(var, value) do { (void)xchg(&var, value); } while (0)
 439 #else
 440 #define smp_mb()        barrier()
 441 #define smp_rmb()       barrier()
 442 #define smp_wmb()       barrier()
 443 #define smp_read_barrier_depends()      do { } while (0)
 444 #define set_mb(var, value) do { var = value; barrier(); } while (0)
 445 #endif
 446
 447 /*
 448  * Stop RDTSC speculation. This is needed when you need to use RDTSC
 449  * (or get_cycles or vread that possibly accesses the TSC) in a defined
 450  * code region.
 451  *
 452  * (Could use an alternative three way for this if there was one.)
 453  */
 454 static __always_inline void rdtsc_barrier(void)
 455 {
 456         alternative(ASM_NOP3, "mfence", X86_FEATURE_MFENCE_RDTSC);
 457         alternative(ASM_NOP3, "lfence", X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC);
 458 }
 459
 460 /*
 461  * We handle most unaligned accesses in hardware.  On the other hand
 462  * unaligned DMA can be quite expensive on some Nehalem processors.
 463  *
 464  * Based on this we disable the IP header alignment in network drivers.
 465  */
 466 #define NET_IP_ALIGN    0
 467 #endif /* _ASM_X86_SYSTEM_H */