4 The SAS Layer is a management infrastructure which manages
5 SAS LLDDs. It sits between SCSI Core and SAS LLDDs. The
6 layout is as follows: while SCSI Core is concerned with
7 SAM/SPC issues, and a SAS LLDD+sequencer is concerned with
8 phy/OOB/link management, the SAS layer is concerned with:
10 * SAS Phy/Port/HA event management (LLDD generates,
12 * SAS Port management (creation/destruction),
13 * SAS Domain discovery and revalidation,
14 * SAS Domain device management,
15 * SCSI Host registration/unregistration,
16 * Device registration with SCSI Core (SAS) or libata
18 * Expander management and exporting expander control
21 A SAS LLDD is a PCI device driver. It is concerned with
22 phy/OOB management, and vendor specific tasks and generates
23 events to the SAS layer.
25 The SAS Layer does most SAS tasks as outlined in the SAS 1.1
28 The sas_ha_struct describes the SAS LLDD to the SAS layer.
29 Most of it is used by the SAS Layer but a few fields need to
30 be initialized by the LLDDs.
32 After initializing your hardware, from the probe() function
33 you call sas_register_ha(). It will register your LLDD with
34 the SCSI subsystem, creating a SCSI host and it will
35 register your SAS driver with the sysfs SAS tree it creates.
36 It will then return. Then you enable your phys to actually
37 start OOB (at which point your driver will start calling the
38 notify_* event callbacks).
40 Structure descriptions:
42 struct sas_phy --------------------
43 Normally this is statically embedded to your driver's
47 struct sas_phy sas_phy;
50 And then all the phys are an array of my_phy in your HA
53 Then as you go along and initialize your phys you also
54 initialize the sas_phy struct, along with your own
57 In general, the phys are managed by the LLDD and the ports
58 are managed by the SAS layer. So the phys are initialized
59 and updated by the LLDD and the ports are initialized and
60 updated by the SAS layer.
62 There is a scheme where the LLDD can RW certain fields,
63 and the SAS layer can only read such ones, and vice versa.
64 The idea is to avoid unnecessary locking.
66 enabled -- must be set (0/1)
67 id -- must be set [0,MAX_PHYS)
68 class, proto, type, role, oob_mode, linkrate -- must be set
69 oob_mode -- you set this when OOB has finished and then notify
72 sas_addr -- this normally points to an array holding the sas
73 address of the phy, possibly somewhere in your my_phy
76 attached_sas_addr -- set this when you (LLDD) receive an
77 IDENTIFY frame or a FIS frame, _before_ notifying the SAS
78 layer. The idea is that sometimes the LLDD may want to fake
79 or provide a different SAS address on that phy/port and this
80 allows it to do this. At best you should copy the sas
81 address from the IDENTIFY frame or maybe generate a SAS
82 address for SATA directly attached devices. The Discover
83 process may later change this.
85 frame_rcvd -- this is where you copy the IDENTIFY/FIS frame
86 when you get it; you lock, copy, set frame_rcvd_size and
87 unlock the lock, and then call the event. It is a pointer
88 since there's no way to know your hw frame size _exactly_,
89 so you define the actual array in your phy struct and let
90 this pointer point to it. You copy the frame from your
91 DMAable memory to that area holding the lock.
93 sas_prim -- this is where primitives go when they're
94 received. See sas.h. Grab the lock, set the primitive,
95 release the lock, notify.
97 port -- this points to the sas_port if the phy belongs
98 to a port -- the LLDD only reads this. It points to the
99 sas_port this phy is part of. Set by the SAS Layer.
101 ha -- may be set; the SAS layer sets it anyway.
103 lldd_phy -- you should set this to point to your phy so you
104 can find your way around faster when the SAS layer calls one
105 of your callbacks and passes you a phy. If the sas_phy is
106 embedded you can also use container_of -- whatever you
110 struct sas_port --------------------
111 The LLDD doesn't set any fields of this struct -- it only
112 reads them. They should be self explanatory.
114 phy_mask is 32 bit, this should be enough for now, as I
115 haven't heard of a HA having more than 8 phys.
117 lldd_port -- I haven't found use for that -- maybe other
118 LLDD who wish to have internal port representation can make
122 struct sas_ha_struct --------------------
123 It normally is statically declared in your own LLDD
124 structure describing your adapter:
127 struct sas_ha_struct sas_ha;
128 struct my_phy phys[MAX_PHYS];
129 struct sas_port sas_ports[MAX_PHYS]; /* (1) */
133 (1) If your LLDD doesn't have its own port representation.
135 What needs to be initialized (sample function given below).
138 sas_addr -- since the SAS layer doesn't want to mess with
139 memory allocation, etc, this points to statically
140 allocated array somewhere (say in your host adapter
141 structure) and holds the SAS address of the host
142 adapter as given by you or the manufacturer, etc.
144 sas_phy -- an array of pointers to structures. (see
145 note above on sas_addr).
146 These must be set. See more notes below.
147 num_phys -- the number of phys present in the sas_phy array,
148 and the number of ports present in the sas_port
149 array. There can be a maximum num_phys ports (one per
150 port) so we drop the num_ports, and only use
155 /* LLDD calls these to notify the class of an event. */
156 void (*notify_ha_event)(struct sas_ha_struct *, enum ha_event);
157 void (*notify_port_event)(struct sas_phy *, enum port_event);
158 void (*notify_phy_event)(struct sas_phy *, enum phy_event);
160 When sas_register_ha() returns, those are set and can be
161 called by the LLDD to notify the SAS layer of such events
164 The port notification:
166 /* The class calls these to notify the LLDD of an event. */
167 void (*lldd_port_formed)(struct sas_phy *);
168 void (*lldd_port_deformed)(struct sas_phy *);
170 If the LLDD wants notification when a port has been formed
171 or deformed it sets those to a function satisfying the type.
173 A SAS LLDD should also implement at least one of the Task
174 Management Functions (TMFs) described in SAM:
176 /* Task Management Functions. Must be called from process context. */
177 int (*lldd_abort_task)(struct sas_task *);
178 int (*lldd_abort_task_set)(struct domain_device *, u8 *lun);
179 int (*lldd_clear_aca)(struct domain_device *, u8 *lun);
180 int (*lldd_clear_task_set)(struct domain_device *, u8 *lun);
181 int (*lldd_I_T_nexus_reset)(struct domain_device *);
182 int (*lldd_lu_reset)(struct domain_device *, u8 *lun);
183 int (*lldd_query_task)(struct sas_task *);
185 For more information please read SAM from T10.org.
187 Port and Adapter management:
189 /* Port and Adapter management */
190 int (*lldd_clear_nexus_port)(struct sas_port *);
191 int (*lldd_clear_nexus_ha)(struct sas_ha_struct *);
193 A SAS LLDD should implement at least one of those.
198 int (*lldd_control_phy)(struct sas_phy *, enum phy_func);
200 lldd_ha -- set this to point to your HA struct. You can also
201 use container_of if you embedded it as shown above.
203 A sample initialization and registration function
204 can look like this (called last thing from probe())
205 *but* before you enable the phys to do OOB:
207 static int register_sas_ha(struct my_sas_ha *my_ha)
210 static struct sas_phy *sas_phys[MAX_PHYS];
211 static struct sas_port *sas_ports[MAX_PHYS];
213 my_ha->sas_ha.sas_addr = &my_ha->sas_addr[0];
215 for (i = 0; i < MAX_PHYS; i++) {
216 sas_phys[i] = &my_ha->phys[i].sas_phy;
217 sas_ports[i] = &my_ha->sas_ports[i];
220 my_ha->sas_ha.sas_phy = sas_phys;
221 my_ha->sas_ha.sas_port = sas_ports;
222 my_ha->sas_ha.num_phys = MAX_PHYS;
224 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_port_formed = my_port_formed;
226 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_dev_found = my_dev_found;
227 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_dev_gone = my_dev_gone;
229 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_max_execute_num = lldd_max_execute_num; (1)
231 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_queue_size = ha_can_queue;
232 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_execute_task = my_execute_task;
234 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_abort_task = my_abort_task;
235 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_abort_task_set = my_abort_task_set;
236 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_clear_aca = my_clear_aca;
237 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_clear_task_set = my_clear_task_set;
238 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_I_T_nexus_reset= NULL; (2)
239 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_lu_reset = my_lu_reset;
240 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_query_task = my_query_task;
242 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_clear_nexus_port = my_clear_nexus_port;
243 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_clear_nexus_ha = my_clear_nexus_ha;
245 my_ha->sas_ha.lldd_control_phy = my_control_phy;
247 return sas_register_ha(&my_ha->sas_ha);
250 (1) This is normally a LLDD parameter, something of the
251 lines of a task collector. What it tells the SAS Layer is
252 whether the SAS layer should run in Direct Mode (default:
253 value 0 or 1) or Task Collector Mode (value greater than 1).
255 In Direct Mode, the SAS Layer calls Execute Task as soon as
256 it has a command to send to the SDS, _and_ this is a single
257 command, i.e. not linked.
259 Some hardware (e.g. aic94xx) has the capability to DMA more
260 than one task at a time (interrupt) from host memory. Task
261 Collector Mode is an optional feature for HAs which support
262 this in their hardware. (Again, it is completely optional
263 even if your hardware supports it.)
265 In Task Collector Mode, the SAS Layer would do _natural_
266 coalescing of tasks and at the appropriate moment it would
267 call your driver to DMA more than one task in a single HA
268 interrupt. DMBS may want to use this by insmod/modprobe
269 setting the lldd_max_execute_num to something greater than
272 (2) SAS 1.1 does not define I_T Nexus Reset TMF.
277 Events are _the only way_ a SAS LLDD notifies the SAS layer
278 of anything. There is no other method or way a LLDD to tell
279 the SAS layer of anything happening internally or in the SAS
283 PHYE_LOSS_OF_SIGNAL, (C)
288 Port events, passed on a _phy_:
289 PORTE_BYTES_DMAED, (M)
290 PORTE_BROADCAST_RCVD, (E)
291 PORTE_LINK_RESET_ERR, (C)
292 PORTE_TIMER_EVENT, (C)
298 A SAS LLDD should be able to generate
299 - at least one event from group C (choice),
300 - events marked M (mandatory) are mandatory (only one),
301 - events marked E (expander) if it wants the SAS layer
302 to handle domain revalidation (only one such).
303 - Unmarked events are optional.
307 HAE_RESET -- when your HA got internal error and was reset.
309 PORTE_BYTES_DMAED -- on receiving an IDENTIFY/FIS frame
310 PORTE_BROADCAST_RCVD -- on receiving a primitive
311 PORTE_LINK_RESET_ERR -- timer expired, loss of signal, loss
313 PORTE_TIMER_EVENT -- DWS reset timeout timer expired (*)
314 PORTE_HARD_RESET -- Hard Reset primitive received.
316 PHYE_LOSS_OF_SIGNAL -- the device is gone (*)
317 PHYE_OOB_DONE -- OOB went fine and oob_mode is valid
318 PHYE_OOB_ERROR -- Error while doing OOB, the device probably
319 got disconnected. (*)
320 PHYE_SPINUP_HOLD -- SATA is present, COMWAKE not sent.
322 (*) should set/clear the appropriate fields in the phy,
323 or alternatively call the inlined sas_phy_disconnected()
324 which is just a helper, from their tasklet.
326 The Execute Command SCSI RPC:
328 int (*lldd_execute_task)(struct sas_task *, int num,
329 unsigned long gfp_flags);
331 Used to queue a task to the SAS LLDD. @task is the tasks to
332 be executed. @num should be the number of tasks being
333 queued at this function call (they are linked listed via
334 task::list), @gfp_mask should be the gfp_mask defining the
335 context of the caller.
337 This function should implement the Execute Command SCSI RPC,
338 or if you're sending a SCSI Task as linked commands, you
339 should also use this function.
341 That is, when lldd_execute_task() is called, the command(s)
342 go out on the transport *immediately*. There is *no*
343 queuing of any sort and at any level in a SAS LLDD.
345 The use of task::list is two-fold, one for linked commands,
346 the other discussed below.
348 It is possible to queue up more than one task at a time, by
349 initializing the list element of struct sas_task, and
350 passing the number of tasks enlisted in this manner in num.
352 Returns: -SAS_QUEUE_FULL, -ENOMEM, nothing was queued;
353 0, the task(s) were queued.
355 If you want to pass num > 1, then either
356 A) you're the only caller of this function and keep track
357 of what you've queued to the LLDD, or
358 B) you know what you're doing and have a strategy of
361 As opposed to queuing one task at a time (function call),
362 batch queuing of tasks, by having num > 1, greatly
363 simplifies LLDD code, sequencer code, and _hardware design_,
364 and has some performance advantages in certain situations
367 The LLDD advertises if it can take more than one command at
368 a time at lldd_execute_task(), by setting the
369 lldd_max_execute_num parameter (controlled by "collector"
370 module parameter in aic94xx SAS LLDD).
372 You should leave this to the default 1, unless you know what
375 This is a function of the LLDD, to which the SAS layer can
379 The host adapter's queue size. This is the maximum
380 number of commands the lldd can have pending to domain
381 devices on behalf of all upper layers submitting through
384 You really want to set this to something (much) larger than
387 This _really_ has absolutely nothing to do with queuing.
388 There is no queuing in SAS LLDDs.
391 dev -- the device this task is destined to
392 list -- must be initialized (INIT_LIST_HEAD)
393 task_proto -- _one_ of enum sas_proto
394 scatter -- pointer to scatter gather list array
395 num_scatter -- number of elements in scatter
396 total_xfer_len -- total number of bytes expected to be transferred
397 data_dir -- PCI_DMA_...
398 task_done -- callback when the task has finished execution
401 When an external entity, entity other than the LLDD or the
402 SAS Layer, wants to work with a struct domain_device, it
403 _must_ call kobject_get() when getting a handle on the
404 device and kobject_put() when it is done with the device.
406 This does two things:
407 A) implements proper kfree() for the device;
408 B) increments/decrements the kref for all players:
410 all domain_device's ... (if past an expander)
414 and up the ladder, etc.
419 The sysfs tree has the following purposes:
420 a) It shows you the physical layout of the SAS domain at
421 the current time, i.e. how the domain looks in the
422 physical world right now.
423 b) Shows some device parameters _at_discovery_time_.
425 This is a link to the tree(1) program, very useful in
426 viewing the SAS domain:
427 ftp://mama.indstate.edu/linux/tree/
428 I expect user space applications to actually create a
429 graphical interface of this.
431 That is, the sysfs domain tree doesn't show or keep state if
432 you e.g., change the meaning of the READY LED MEANING
433 setting, but it does show you the current connection status
434 of the domain device.
436 Keeping internal device state changes is responsibility of
437 upper layers (Command set drivers) and user space.
439 When a device or devices are unplugged from the domain, this
440 is reflected in the sysfs tree immediately, and the device(s)
441 removed from the system.
443 The structure domain_device describes any device in the SAS
444 domain. It is completely managed by the SAS layer. A task
445 points to a domain device, this is how the SAS LLDD knows
446 where to send the task(s) to. A SAS LLDD only reads the
447 contents of the domain_device structure, but it never creates
450 Expander management from User Space
451 -----------------------------------
453 In each expander directory in sysfs, there is a file called
454 "smp_portal". It is a binary sysfs attribute file, which
455 implements an SMP portal (Note: this is *NOT* an SMP port),
456 to which user space applications can send SMP requests and
457 receive SMP responses.
459 Functionality is deceptively simple:
461 1. Build the SMP frame you want to send. The format and layout
462 is described in the SAS spec. Leave the CRC field equal 0.
464 2. Open the expander's SMP portal sysfs file in RW mode.
466 3. Write the frame you built in 1.
468 4. Read the amount of data you expect to receive for the frame you built.
469 If you receive different amount of data you expected to receive,
470 then there was some kind of error.
472 All this process is shown in detail in the function do_smp_func()
473 and its callers, in the file "expander_conf.c".
475 The kernel functionality is implemented in the file
478 The program "expander_conf.c" implements this. It takes one
479 argument, the sysfs file name of the SMP portal to the
480 expander, and gives expander information, including routing
483 The SMP portal gives you complete control of the expander,
484 so please be careful.