ctdb-logging: Change LogLevel to DEBUGLEVEL
[samba.git] / ctdb / ib / ibwrapper_test.c
1 /*
2  * Unix SMB/CIFS implementation.
3  * Test the infiniband wrapper.
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) Sven Oehme <oehmes@de.ibm.com> 2006
6  *
7  * Major code contributions by Peter Somogyi <psomogyi@gamax.hu>
8  *
9  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
10  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
11  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
12  * (at your option) any later version.
13  *
14  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
15  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
16  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
17  * GNU General Public License for more details.
18  *
19  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
20  * along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
21  */
22
23 #include <stdlib.h>
24 #include <string.h>
25 #include <stdio.h>
26 #include <errno.h>
27 #include <sys/types.h>
28 #include <netinet/in.h>
29 #include <sys/socket.h>
30 #include <netdb.h>
31 #include <arpa/inet.h>
32 #include <malloc.h>
33 #include <assert.h>
34 #include <unistd.h>
35 #include <signal.h>
36 #include <sys/time.h>
37 #include <time.h>
38
39 #include "includes.h"
40 #include "ib/ibwrapper.h"
41
42 struct ibwtest_ctx {
43         int     is_server;
44         char    *id; /* my id */
45
46         struct ibw_initattr *attrs;
47         int     nattrs;
48         char    *opts; /* option string */
49
50         struct sockaddr_in *addrs; /* dynamic array of dest addrs */
51         int     naddrs;
52
53         unsigned int    nsec; /* delta times between messages in nanosec */
54         unsigned int    sleep_usec; /* microsecs to sleep in the main loop to emulate overloading */
55         uint32_t        maxsize; /* maximum variable message size */
56
57         int     cnt;
58         int     nsent;
59
60         int     nmsg; /* number of messages to send (client) */
61
62         int     kill_me;
63         int     stopping;
64         int     error;
65         struct ibw_ctx  *ibwctx;
66
67         struct timeval  start_time, end_time;
68 };
69
70 struct ibwtest_conn {
71         char    *id;
72 };
73
74 enum testopcode {
75         TESTOP_SEND_ID = 1,
76         TESTOP_SEND_TEXT = 2,
77         TESTOP_SEND_RND = 3
78 };
79
80 int ibwtest_connect_everybody(struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx)
81 {
82         struct ibw_conn         *conn;
83         struct ibwtest_conn     *tconn = talloc_zero(tcx, struct ibwtest_conn);
84         int     i;
85
86         for(i=0; i<tcx->naddrs; i++) {
87                 conn = ibw_conn_new(tcx->ibwctx, tconn);
88                 if (ibw_connect(conn, &tcx->addrs[i], tconn)) {
89                         fprintf(stderr, "ibw_connect error at %d\n", i);
90                         return -1;
91                 }
92         }
93         DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("sent %d connect request...\n", tcx->naddrs));
94
95         return 0;
96 }
97
98 int ibwtest_send_id(struct ibw_conn *conn)
99 {
100         struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx = talloc_get_type(conn->ctx->ctx_userdata, struct ibwtest_ctx);
101         char *buf;
102         void *key;
103         uint32_t        len;
104
105         DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("ibwtest_send_id\n"));
106         len = sizeof(uint32_t)+strlen(tcx->id)+2;
107         if (ibw_alloc_send_buf(conn, (void **)&buf, &key, len)) {
108                 DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("send_id: ibw_alloc_send_buf failed\n"));
109                 return -1;
110         }
111
112         /* first sizeof(uint32_t) size bytes are for length */
113         *((uint32_t *)buf) = len;
114         buf[sizeof(uint32_t)] = (char)TESTOP_SEND_ID;
115         strcpy(buf+sizeof(uint32_t)+1, tcx->id);
116
117         if (ibw_send(conn, buf, key, len)) {
118                 DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("send_id: ibw_send error\n"));
119                 return -1;
120         }
121         tcx->nsent++;
122
123         return 0;
124 }
125
126 int ibwtest_send_test_msg(struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx, struct ibw_conn *conn, const char *msg)
127 {
128         char *buf, *p;
129         void *key;
130         uint32_t len;
131
132         if (conn->state!=IBWC_CONNECTED)
133                 return 0; /* not yet up */
134
135         len = strlen(msg) + 2 + sizeof(uint32_t);
136         if (ibw_alloc_send_buf(conn, (void **)&buf, &key, len)) {
137                 fprintf(stderr, "send_test_msg: ibw_alloc_send_buf failed\n");
138                 return -1;
139         }
140
141         *((uint32_t *)buf) = len;
142         p = buf;
143         p += sizeof(uint32_t);
144         p[0] = (char)TESTOP_SEND_TEXT;
145         p++;
146         strcpy(p, msg);
147
148         if (ibw_send(conn, buf, key, len)) {
149                 DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("send_test_msg: ibw_send error\n"));
150                 return -1;
151         }
152         tcx->nsent++;
153
154         return 0;
155 }
156
157 unsigned char ibwtest_fill_random(unsigned char *buf, uint32_t size)
158 {
159         uint32_t        i = size;
160         unsigned char   sum = 0;
161         unsigned char   value;
162         while(i) {
163                 i--;
164                 value = (unsigned char)(256.0 * (rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0)));
165                 buf[i] = value;
166                 sum += value;
167         }
168         return sum;
169 }
170
171 unsigned char ibwtest_get_sum(unsigned char *buf, uint32_t size)
172 {
173         uint32_t        i = size;
174         unsigned char   sum = 0;
175
176         while(i) {
177                 i--;
178                 sum += buf[i];
179         }
180         return sum;
181 }
182
183 int ibwtest_do_varsize_scenario_conn_size(struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx, struct ibw_conn *conn, uint32_t size)
184 {
185         unsigned char *buf;
186         void    *key;
187         uint32_t        len;
188         unsigned char   sum;
189
190         len = sizeof(uint32_t) + 1 + size + 1;
191         if (ibw_alloc_send_buf(conn, (void **)&buf, &key, len)) {
192                 DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("varsize/ibw_alloc_send_buf failed\n"));
193                 return -1;
194         }
195         *((uint32_t *)buf) = len;
196         buf[sizeof(uint32_t)] = TESTOP_SEND_RND;
197         sum = ibwtest_fill_random(buf + sizeof(uint32_t) + 1, size);
198         buf[sizeof(uint32_t) + 1 + size] = sum;
199         if (ibw_send(conn, buf, key, len)) {
200                 DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("varsize/ibw_send failed\n"));
201                 return -1;
202         }
203         tcx->nsent++;
204
205         return 0;
206 }
207
208 int ibwtest_do_varsize_scenario_conn(struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx, struct ibw_conn *conn)
209 {
210         uint32_t        size;
211         int     i;
212
213         for(i=0; i<tcx->nmsg; i++)
214         {
215                 //size = (uint32_t)((float)(tcx->maxsize) * (rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0)));
216                 size = (uint32_t)((float)(tcx->maxsize) * ((float)(i+1)/(float)tcx->nmsg));
217                 if (ibwtest_do_varsize_scenario_conn_size(tcx, conn, size))
218                         return -1;
219         }
220         return 0;
221 }
222
223 /*int ibwtest_do_varsize_scenario(ibwtest_ctx *tcx)
224 {
225         int     rc;
226         struct ibw_conn *conn;
227
228         for(conn=tcx->ibwctx->conn_list; conn!=NULL; conn=conn->next) {
229                 if (conn->state==IBWC_CONNECTED) {
230                         rc = ibwtest_do_varsize_scenario_conn(tcx, conn);
231                         if (rc)
232                                 tcx->error = rc;
233                 }
234         }
235 }*/
236
237 int ibwtest_connstate_handler(struct ibw_ctx *ctx, struct ibw_conn *conn)
238 {
239         struct ibwtest_ctx      *tcx = NULL; /* userdata */
240         struct ibwtest_conn     *tconn = NULL; /* userdata */
241
242         if (ctx) {
243                 tcx = talloc_get_type(ctx->ctx_userdata, struct ibwtest_ctx);
244
245                 switch(ctx->state) {
246                 case IBWS_INIT:
247                         DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("test IBWS_INIT\n"));
248                         break;
249                 case IBWS_READY:
250                         DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("test IBWS_READY\n"));
251                         break;
252                 case IBWS_CONNECT_REQUEST:
253                         DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("test IBWS_CONNECT_REQUEST\n"));
254                         tconn = talloc_zero(conn, struct ibwtest_conn);
255                         if (ibw_accept(ctx, conn, tconn)) {
256                                 DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("error accepting the connect request\n"));
257                         }
258                         break;
259                 case IBWS_STOPPED:
260                         DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("test IBWS_STOPPED\n"));
261                         tcx->kill_me = 1; /* main loop can exit */
262                         break;
263                 case IBWS_ERROR:
264                         DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("test IBWS_ERROR\n"));
265                         ibw_stop(tcx->ibwctx);
266                         break;
267                 default:
268                         assert(0);
269                         break;
270                 }
271         }
272
273         if (conn) {
274                 tconn = talloc_get_type(conn->conn_userdata, struct ibwtest_conn);
275                 switch(conn->state) {
276                 case IBWC_INIT:
277                         DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("test IBWC_INIT\n"));
278                         break;
279                 case IBWC_CONNECTED:
280                         if (gettimeofday(&tcx->start_time, NULL)) {
281                                 DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("gettimeofday error %d", errno));
282                                 return -1;
283                         }
284                         ibwtest_send_id(conn);
285                         break;
286                 case IBWC_DISCONNECTED:
287                         DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("test IBWC_DISCONNECTED\n"));
288                         talloc_free(conn);
289                         break;
290                 case IBWC_ERROR:
291                         DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("test IBWC_ERROR %s\n", ibw_getLastError()));
292                         break;
293                 default:
294                         assert(0);
295                         break;
296                 }
297         }
298         return 0;
299 }
300
301 int ibwtest_receive_handler(struct ibw_conn *conn, void *buf, int n)
302 {
303         struct ibwtest_conn *tconn;
304         enum testopcode op;
305         struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx = talloc_get_type(conn->ctx->ctx_userdata, struct ibwtest_ctx);
306         int     rc = 0;
307
308         assert(conn!=NULL);
309         assert(n>=sizeof(uint32_t)+1);
310         tconn = talloc_get_type(conn->conn_userdata, struct ibwtest_conn);
311
312         op = (enum testopcode)((char *)buf)[sizeof(uint32_t)];
313         if (op==TESTOP_SEND_ID) {
314                 tconn->id = talloc_strdup(tconn, ((char *)buf)+sizeof(uint32_t)+1);
315         }
316         if (op==TESTOP_SEND_ID || op==TESTOP_SEND_TEXT) {
317                 DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("[%d]msg from %s: \"%s\"(%d)\n", op,
318                         tconn->id ? tconn->id : "NULL", ((char *)buf)+sizeof(uint32_t)+1, n));
319         }
320
321         if (tcx->is_server) {
322                 if (op==TESTOP_SEND_RND) {
323                         unsigned char sum;
324                         sum = ibwtest_get_sum((unsigned char *)buf + sizeof(uint32_t) + 1,
325                                 n - sizeof(uint32_t) - 2);
326                         DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("[%d]msg varsize %u/sum %u from %s\n",
327                                 op,
328                                 (uint32_t)(n - sizeof(uint32_t) - 2),
329                                 (uint32_t)sum,
330                                 tconn->id ? tconn->id : "NULL"));
331                         if (sum!=((unsigned char *)buf)[n-1]) {
332                                 DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("ERROR: checksum mismatch %u!=%u\n",
333                                         (uint32_t)sum, (uint32_t)((unsigned char *)buf)[n-1]));
334                                 ibw_stop(tcx->ibwctx);
335                                 goto error;
336                         }
337                 } else if (op!=TESTOP_SEND_ID) {
338                         char *buf2;
339                         void *key2;
340
341                         /* bounce message regardless what it is */
342                         if (ibw_alloc_send_buf(conn, (void **)&buf2, &key2, n)) {
343                                 fprintf(stderr, "ibw_alloc_send_buf error #2\n");
344                                 goto error;
345                         }
346                         memcpy(buf2, buf, n);
347                         if (ibw_send(conn, buf2, key2, n)) {
348                                 fprintf(stderr, "ibw_send error #2\n");
349                                 goto error;
350                         }
351                         tcx->nsent++;
352                 }
353         } else { /* client: */
354                 if (op==TESTOP_SEND_ID && tcx->maxsize) {
355                         /* send them in one blow */
356                         rc = ibwtest_do_varsize_scenario_conn(tcx, conn);
357                 }
358
359                 if (tcx->nmsg) {
360                         char    msg[26];
361                         sprintf(msg, "hello world %d", tcx->nmsg--);
362                         rc = ibwtest_send_test_msg(tcx, conn, msg);
363                         if (tcx->nmsg==0) {
364                                 ibw_stop(tcx->ibwctx);
365                                 tcx->stopping = 1;
366                         }
367                 }
368         }
369
370         if (rc)
371                 tcx->error = rc;
372
373         return rc;
374 error:
375         return -1;
376 }
377
378 void ibwtest_timeout_handler(struct event_context *ev, struct timed_event *te, 
379         struct timeval t, void *private_data)
380 {
381         struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx = talloc_get_type(private_data, struct ibwtest_ctx);
382         int     rc;
383
384         if (!tcx->is_server) {
385                 struct ibw_conn *conn;
386                 char    msg[50];
387
388                 /* fill it with something variable... */
389                 sprintf(msg, "hello world %d", tcx->cnt++);
390
391                 /* send something to everybody... */
392                 for(conn=tcx->ibwctx->conn_list; conn!=NULL; conn=conn->next) {
393                         if (conn->state==IBWC_CONNECTED) {
394                                 rc = ibwtest_send_test_msg(tcx, conn, msg);
395                                 if (rc)
396                                         tcx->error = rc;
397                         }
398                 }
399         } /* else allow main loop run */
400 }
401
402 static struct ibwtest_ctx *testctx = NULL;
403
404 void ibwtest_sigint_handler(int sig)
405 {
406         DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("got SIGINT\n"));
407         if (testctx) {
408                 if (testctx->ibwctx->state==IBWS_READY ||
409                         testctx->ibwctx->state==IBWS_CONNECT_REQUEST ||
410                         testctx->ibwctx->state==IBWS_ERROR)
411                 {
412                         if (testctx->stopping) {
413                                 DEBUG(DEBUG_DEBUG, ("forcing exit...\n"));
414                                 testctx->kill_me = 1;
415                         } else {
416                                 /* mostly expected case */
417                                 ibw_stop(testctx->ibwctx);
418                                 testctx->stopping = 1;
419                         }
420                 } else
421                         testctx->kill_me = 1;
422         }
423 }
424
425 int ibwtest_parse_attrs(struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx, char *optext,
426         struct ibw_initattr **pattrs, int *nattrs, char op)
427 {
428         int     i = 0, n = 1;
429         int     porcess_next = 1;
430         char    *p, *q;
431         struct ibw_initattr *attrs = NULL;
432
433         *pattrs = NULL;
434         for(p = optext; *p!='\0'; p++) {
435                 if (*p==',')
436                         n++;
437         }
438
439         attrs = (struct ibw_initattr *)talloc_size(tcx,
440                 n * sizeof(struct ibw_initattr));
441         for(p = optext; *p!='\0'; p++) {
442                 if (porcess_next) {
443                         attrs[i].name = p;
444                         q = strchr(p, ':');
445                         if (q==NULL) {
446                                 fprintf(stderr, "-%c format error\n", op);
447                                 return -1;
448                         }
449                         *q = '\0';
450                         attrs[i].value = q + 1;
451
452                         porcess_next = 0;
453                         i++;
454                         p = q; /* ++ at end */
455                 }
456                 if (*p==',') {
457                         *p = '\0'; /* ++ at end */
458                         porcess_next = 1;
459                 }
460         }
461         *pattrs = attrs;
462         *nattrs = n;
463
464         return 0;
465 }
466
467 static int ibwtest_get_address(const char *address, struct in_addr *addr)
468 {
469         if (inet_pton(AF_INET, address, addr) <= 0) {
470                 struct hostent *he = gethostbyname(address);
471                 if (he == NULL || he->h_length > sizeof(*addr)) {
472                         DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("invalid nework address '%s'\n", address));
473                         return -1;
474                 }
475                 memcpy(addr, he->h_addr, he->h_length);
476         }
477         return 0;
478 }
479
480 int ibwtest_getdests(struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx, char op)
481 {
482         int     i;
483         struct ibw_initattr     *attrs = NULL;
484         struct sockaddr_in      *p;
485         char    *tmp;
486
487         tmp = talloc_strdup(tcx, optarg);
488         if (tmp == NULL) return -1;
489         /* hack to reuse the above ibw_initattr parser */
490         if (ibwtest_parse_attrs(tcx, tmp, &attrs, &tcx->naddrs, op))
491                 return -1;
492
493         tcx->addrs = talloc_size(tcx,
494                 tcx->naddrs * sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
495         for(i=0; i<tcx->naddrs; i++) {
496                 p = tcx->addrs + i;
497                 p->sin_family = AF_INET;
498                 if (ibwtest_get_address(attrs[i].name, &p->sin_addr))
499                         return -1;
500                 p->sin_port = htons(atoi(attrs[i].value));
501         }
502
503         return 0;
504 }
505
506 int ibwtest_init_server(struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx)
507 {
508         if (tcx->naddrs!=1) {
509                 fprintf(stderr, "incorrect number of addrs(%d!=1)\n", tcx->naddrs);
510                 return -1;
511         }
512
513         if (ibw_bind(tcx->ibwctx, &tcx->addrs[0])) {
514                 DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("ERROR: ibw_bind failed\n"));
515                 return -1;
516         }
517         
518         if (ibw_listen(tcx->ibwctx, 1)) {
519                 DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("ERROR: ibw_listen failed\n"));
520                 return -1;
521         }
522
523         /* continued at IBWS_READY */
524         return 0;
525 }
526
527 void ibwtest_usage(struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx, char *name)
528 {
529         printf("Usage:\n");
530         printf("\t%s -i <id> -o {name:value} -d {addr:port} -t nsec -s\n", name);
531         printf("\t-i <id> is a free text, acting as a server id, max 23 chars [mandatory]\n");
532         printf("\t-o name1:value1,name2:value2,... is a list of (name, value) pairs\n");
533         printf("\t-a addr1:port1,addr2:port2,... is a list of destination ip addresses\n");
534         printf("\t-t nsec delta time between sends in nanosec [default %d]\n", tcx->nsec);
535         printf("\t\t send message periodically and endless when nsec is non-zero\n");
536         printf("\t-s server mode (you have to give exactly one -d address:port in this case)\n");
537         printf("\t-n number of messages to send [default %d]\n", tcx->nmsg);
538         printf("\t-l usec time to sleep in the main loop [default %d]\n", tcx->sleep_usec);
539         printf("\t-v max variable msg size in bytes [default %d], 0=don't send var. size\n", tcx->maxsize);
540         printf("\t-d LogLevel [default %d]\n", DEBUGLEVEL);
541         printf("Press ctrl+C to stop the program.\n");
542 }
543
544 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
545 {
546         int     rc, op;
547         int     result = 1;
548         struct tevent_context *ev = NULL;
549         struct ibwtest_ctx *tcx = NULL;
550         float   usec;
551
552         tcx = talloc_zero(NULL, struct ibwtest_ctx);
553         memset(tcx, 0, sizeof(struct ibwtest_ctx));
554         tcx->nsec = 0;
555         tcx->nmsg = 1000;
556         DEBUGLEVEL = 0;
557
558         /* here is the only case we can't avoid using global... */
559         testctx = tcx;
560         signal(SIGINT, ibwtest_sigint_handler);
561         srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
562
563         while ((op=getopt(argc, argv, "i:o:d:m:st:n:l:v:a:")) != -1) {
564                 switch (op) {
565                 case 'i':
566                         tcx->id = talloc_strdup(tcx, optarg);
567                         break;
568                 case 'o':
569                         tcx->opts = talloc_strdup(tcx, optarg);
570                         if (tcx->opts) goto cleanup;
571                         if (ibwtest_parse_attrs(tcx, tcx->opts, &tcx->attrs,
572                                 &tcx->nattrs, op))
573                                 goto cleanup;
574                         break;
575                 case 'a':
576                         if (ibwtest_getdests(tcx, op))
577                                 goto cleanup;
578                         break;
579                 case 's':
580                         tcx->is_server = 1;
581                         break;
582                 case 't':
583                         tcx->nsec = (unsigned int)atoi(optarg);
584                         break;
585                 case 'n':
586                         tcx->nmsg = atoi(optarg);
587                         break;
588                 case 'l':
589                         tcx->sleep_usec = (unsigned int)atoi(optarg);
590                         break;
591                 case 'v':
592                         tcx->maxsize = (unsigned int)atoi(optarg);
593                         break;
594                 case 'd':
595                         DEBUGLEVEL = atoi(optarg);
596                         break;
597                 default:
598                         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unknown option -%c\n", (char)op);
599                         ibwtest_usage(tcx, argv[0]);
600                         goto cleanup;
601                 }
602         }
603         if (tcx->id==NULL) {
604                 ibwtest_usage(tcx, argv[0]);
605                 goto cleanup;
606         }
607
608         ev = event_context_init(NULL);
609         assert(ev);
610
611         tcx->ibwctx = ibw_init(tcx->attrs, tcx->nattrs,
612                 tcx,
613                 ibwtest_connstate_handler,
614                 ibwtest_receive_handler,
615                 ev
616         );
617         if (!tcx->ibwctx)
618                 goto cleanup;
619
620         if (tcx->is_server)
621                 rc = ibwtest_init_server(tcx);
622         else
623                 rc = ibwtest_connect_everybody(tcx);
624         if (rc)
625                 goto cleanup;
626
627         while(!tcx->kill_me && !tcx->error) {
628                 if (tcx->nsec) {
629                         event_add_timed(ev, tcx, timeval_current_ofs(0, tcx->nsec),
630                                 ibwtest_timeout_handler, tcx);
631                 }
632
633                 event_loop_once(ev);
634
635                 if (tcx->sleep_usec)
636                         usleep(tcx->sleep_usec);
637         }
638
639         if (!tcx->is_server && tcx->nsent!=0 && !tcx->error) {
640                 if (gettimeofday(&tcx->end_time, NULL)) {
641                         DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("gettimeofday error %d\n", errno));
642                         goto cleanup;
643                 }
644                 usec = (tcx->end_time.tv_sec - tcx->start_time.tv_sec) * 1000000 +
645                                 (tcx->end_time.tv_usec - tcx->start_time.tv_usec);
646                 printf("usec: %f, nmsg: %d, usec/nmsg: %f\n",
647                         usec, tcx->nsent, usec/(float)tcx->nsent);
648         }
649
650         if (!tcx->error)
651                 result = 0; /* everything OK */
652
653 cleanup:
654         if (tcx)
655                 talloc_free(tcx);
656         if (ev)
657                 talloc_free(ev);
658         DEBUG(DEBUG_ERR, ("exited with code %d\n", result));
659         return result;
660 }