*/
#include "includes.h"
+#include "popt_common.h"
#include "winbindd.h"
#include "../../nsswitch/libwbclient/wbc_async.h"
+#include "librpc/gen_ndr/messaging.h"
+#include "../librpc/gen_ndr/srv_lsa.h"
+#include "../librpc/gen_ndr/srv_samr.h"
+#include "secrets.h"
#undef DBGC_CLASS
#define DBGC_CLASS DBGC_WINBIND
extern bool override_logfile;
-struct event_context *winbind_event_context(void)
-{
- static struct event_context *ctx;
-
- if (!ctx && !(ctx = event_context_init(NULL))) {
- smb_panic("Could not init winbind event context");
- }
- return ctx;
-}
-
-struct messaging_context *winbind_messaging_context(void)
-{
- static struct messaging_context *ctx;
-
- if (ctx == NULL) {
- ctx = messaging_init(NULL, server_id_self(),
- winbind_event_context());
- }
- if (ctx == NULL) {
- DEBUG(0, ("Could not init winbind messaging context.\n"));
- }
- return ctx;
-}
-
/* Reload configuration */
static bool reload_services_file(const char *lfile)
}
}
+static void flush_caches_noinit(void)
+{
+ /*
+ * We need to invalidate cached user list entries on a SIGHUP
+ * otherwise cached access denied errors due to restrict anonymous
+ * hang around until the sequence number changes.
+ * NB
+ * Skip uninitialized domains when flush cache.
+ * If domain is not initialized, it means it is never
+ * used or never become online. look, wcache_invalidate_cache()
+ * -> get_cache() -> init_dc_connection(). It causes a lot of traffic
+ * for unused domains and large traffic for primay domain's DC if there
+ * are many domains..
+ */
+
+ if (!wcache_invalidate_cache_noinit()) {
+ DEBUG(0, ("invalidating the cache failed; revalidate the cache\n"));
+ if (!winbindd_cache_validate_and_initialize()) {
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
/* Handle the signal by unlinking socket and exiting */
static void terminate(bool is_parent)
#endif
if (is_parent) {
+ serverid_deregister(procid_self());
pidfile_unlink();
}
const char *file = (const char *)private_data;
DEBUG(1,("Reloading services after SIGHUP\n"));
- flush_caches();
+ flush_caches_noinit();
reload_services_file(file);
}
{
uint8 ret;
pid_t child_pid;
- struct sigaction act;
- struct sigaction oldact;
DEBUG(10, ("winbindd_msg_validate_cache: got validate-cache "
"message.\n"));
* so we don't block the main winbindd and the validation
* code can safely use fork/waitpid...
*/
- CatchChild();
child_pid = sys_fork();
if (child_pid == -1) {
/* child */
+ if (!winbindd_reinit_after_fork(NULL)) {
+ _exit(0);
+ }
+
/* install default SIGCHLD handler: validation code uses fork/waitpid */
- ZERO_STRUCT(act);
- act.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
-#ifdef SA_RESTART
- /* We *want* SIGALRM to interrupt a system call. */
- act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
-#endif
- sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
- sigaddset(&act.sa_mask,SIGCHLD);
- sigaction(SIGCHLD,&act,&oldact);
+ CatchSignal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
ret = (uint8)winbindd_validate_cache_nobackup();
DEBUG(10, ("winbindd_msg_validata_cache: got return value %d\n", ret));
const char *winbindd_cmd_name;
} dispatch_table[] = {
- /* User functions */
-
- { WINBINDD_SETPWENT, winbindd_setpwent, "SETPWENT" },
- { WINBINDD_ENDPWENT, winbindd_endpwent, "ENDPWENT" },
- { WINBINDD_GETPWENT, winbindd_getpwent, "GETPWENT" },
-
- { WINBINDD_GETUSERSIDS, winbindd_getusersids, "GETUSERSIDS" },
-
- /* Group functions */
-
- { WINBINDD_SETGRENT, winbindd_setgrent, "SETGRENT" },
- { WINBINDD_ENDGRENT, winbindd_endgrent, "ENDGRENT" },
- { WINBINDD_GETGRENT, winbindd_getgrent, "GETGRENT" },
- { WINBINDD_GETGRLST, winbindd_getgrent, "GETGRLST" },
-
- /* PAM auth functions */
-
- { WINBINDD_PAM_AUTH, winbindd_pam_auth, "PAM_AUTH" },
- { WINBINDD_PAM_AUTH_CRAP, winbindd_pam_auth_crap, "AUTH_CRAP" },
- { WINBINDD_PAM_CHAUTHTOK, winbindd_pam_chauthtok, "CHAUTHTOK" },
- { WINBINDD_PAM_LOGOFF, winbindd_pam_logoff, "PAM_LOGOFF" },
- { WINBINDD_PAM_CHNG_PSWD_AUTH_CRAP, winbindd_pam_chng_pswd_auth_crap, "CHNG_PSWD_AUTH_CRAP" },
-
/* Enumeration functions */
- { WINBINDD_LIST_USERS, winbindd_list_users, "LIST_USERS" },
- { WINBINDD_LIST_GROUPS, winbindd_list_groups, "LIST_GROUPS" },
{ WINBINDD_LIST_TRUSTDOM, winbindd_list_trusted_domains,
"LIST_TRUSTDOM" },
- /* SID related functions */
-
- { WINBINDD_LOOKUPRIDS, winbindd_lookuprids, "LOOKUPRIDS" },
-
- /* Lookup related functions */
-
- { WINBINDD_ALLOCATE_UID, winbindd_allocate_uid, "ALLOCATE_UID" },
- { WINBINDD_ALLOCATE_GID, winbindd_allocate_gid, "ALLOCATE_GID" },
- { WINBINDD_SET_MAPPING, winbindd_set_mapping, "SET_MAPPING" },
- { WINBINDD_REMOVE_MAPPING, winbindd_remove_mapping, "REMOVE_MAPPING" },
- { WINBINDD_SET_HWM, winbindd_set_hwm, "SET_HWMS" },
-
/* Miscellaneous */
- { WINBINDD_CHECK_MACHACC, winbindd_check_machine_acct, "CHECK_MACHACC" },
{ WINBINDD_INFO, winbindd_info, "INFO" },
{ WINBINDD_INTERFACE_VERSION, winbindd_interface_version,
"INTERFACE_VERSION" },
{ WINBINDD_NETBIOS_NAME, winbindd_netbios_name, "NETBIOS_NAME" },
{ WINBINDD_PRIV_PIPE_DIR, winbindd_priv_pipe_dir,
"WINBINDD_PRIV_PIPE_DIR" },
- { WINBINDD_GETDCNAME, winbindd_getdcname, "GETDCNAME" },
- { WINBINDD_DSGETDCNAME, winbindd_dsgetdcname, "DSGETDCNAME" },
/* Credential cache access */
{ WINBINDD_CCACHE_NTLMAUTH, winbindd_ccache_ntlm_auth, "NTLMAUTH" },
+ { WINBINDD_CCACHE_SAVE, winbindd_ccache_save, "CCACHE_SAVE" },
/* WINS functions */
winbindd_getgrgid_send, winbindd_getgrgid_recv },
{ WINBINDD_GETGRNAM, "GETGRNAM",
winbindd_getgrnam_send, winbindd_getgrnam_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_GETUSERSIDS, "GETUSERSIDS",
+ winbindd_getusersids_send, winbindd_getusersids_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_LOOKUPRIDS, "LOOKUPRIDS",
+ winbindd_lookuprids_send, winbindd_lookuprids_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_SETPWENT, "SETPWENT",
+ winbindd_setpwent_send, winbindd_setpwent_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_GETPWENT, "GETPWENT",
+ winbindd_getpwent_send, winbindd_getpwent_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_ENDPWENT, "ENDPWENT",
+ winbindd_endpwent_send, winbindd_endpwent_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_DSGETDCNAME, "DSGETDCNAME",
+ winbindd_dsgetdcname_send, winbindd_dsgetdcname_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_GETDCNAME, "GETDCNAME",
+ winbindd_getdcname_send, winbindd_getdcname_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_SETGRENT, "SETGRENT",
+ winbindd_setgrent_send, winbindd_setgrent_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_GETGRENT, "GETGRENT",
+ winbindd_getgrent_send, winbindd_getgrent_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_ENDGRENT, "ENDGRENT",
+ winbindd_endgrent_send, winbindd_endgrent_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_LIST_USERS, "LIST_USERS",
+ winbindd_list_users_send, winbindd_list_users_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_LIST_GROUPS, "LIST_GROUPS",
+ winbindd_list_groups_send, winbindd_list_groups_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_CHECK_MACHACC, "CHECK_MACHACC",
+ winbindd_check_machine_acct_send, winbindd_check_machine_acct_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_PING_DC, "PING_DC",
+ winbindd_ping_dc_send, winbindd_ping_dc_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_PAM_AUTH, "PAM_AUTH",
+ winbindd_pam_auth_send, winbindd_pam_auth_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_PAM_LOGOFF, "PAM_LOGOFF",
+ winbindd_pam_logoff_send, winbindd_pam_logoff_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_PAM_CHAUTHTOK, "PAM_CHAUTHTOK",
+ winbindd_pam_chauthtok_send, winbindd_pam_chauthtok_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_PAM_CHNG_PSWD_AUTH_CRAP, "PAM_CHNG_PSWD_AUTH_CRAP",
+ winbindd_pam_chng_pswd_auth_crap_send,
+ winbindd_pam_chng_pswd_auth_crap_recv },
+
+ { 0, NULL, NULL, NULL }
+};
+
+static struct winbindd_async_dispatch_table async_priv_table[] = {
+ { WINBINDD_ALLOCATE_UID, "ALLOCATE_UID",
+ winbindd_allocate_uid_send, winbindd_allocate_uid_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_ALLOCATE_GID, "ALLOCATE_GID",
+ winbindd_allocate_gid_send, winbindd_allocate_gid_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_REMOVE_MAPPING, "SET_MAPPING",
+ winbindd_remove_mapping_send, winbindd_remove_mapping_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_CHANGE_MACHACC, "CHANGE_MACHACC",
+ winbindd_change_machine_acct_send, winbindd_change_machine_acct_recv },
+ { WINBINDD_PAM_AUTH_CRAP, "PAM_AUTH_CRAP",
+ winbindd_pam_auth_crap_send, winbindd_pam_auth_crap_recv },
{ 0, NULL, NULL, NULL }
};
struct winbindd_dispatch_table *table = dispatch_table;
struct winbindd_async_dispatch_table *atable;
- state->mem_ctx = talloc_init("winbind request");
+ state->mem_ctx = talloc_named(state, 0, "winbind request");
if (state->mem_ctx == NULL)
return;
/* Remember who asked us. */
state->pid = state->request->pid;
+ state->cmd_name = "unknown request";
+ state->recv_fn = NULL;
+
/* Process command */
for (atable = async_nonpriv_table; atable->send_req; atable += 1) {
}
}
+ if ((atable->send_req == NULL) && state->privileged) {
+ for (atable = async_priv_table; atable->send_req;
+ atable += 1) {
+ if (state->request->cmd == atable->cmd) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
if (atable->send_req != NULL) {
struct tevent_req *req;
- DEBUG(10, ("process_request: Handling async request %s\n",
- atable->cmd_name));
+ state->cmd_name = atable->cmd_name;
+ state->recv_fn = atable->recv_req;
+
+ DEBUG(10, ("process_request: Handling async request %d:%s\n",
+ (int)state->pid, state->cmd_name));
req = atable->send_req(state->mem_ctx, winbind_event_context(),
state, state->request);
return;
}
tevent_req_set_callback(req, wb_request_done, state);
- state->recv_fn = atable->recv_req;
return;
}
if (state->request->cmd == table->cmd) {
DEBUG(10,("process_request: request fn %s\n",
table->winbindd_cmd_name ));
+ state->cmd_name = table->winbindd_cmd_name;
table->fn(state);
break;
}
req, struct winbindd_cli_state);
NTSTATUS status;
- state->response = talloc_zero(state, struct winbindd_response);
+ state->response = talloc_zero(state->mem_ctx,
+ struct winbindd_response);
if (state->response == NULL) {
+ DEBUG(0, ("wb_request_done[%d:%s]: talloc_zero failed - removing client\n",
+ (int)state->pid, state->cmd_name));
remove_client(state);
return;
}
status = state->recv_fn(req, state->response);
TALLOC_FREE(req);
+
+ DEBUG(10,("wb_request_done[%d:%s]: %s\n",
+ (int)state->pid, state->cmd_name, nt_errstr(status)));
+
if (!NT_STATUS_IS_OK(status)) {
- DEBUG(10, ("returning %s\n", nt_errstr(status)));
request_error(state);
return;
}
state->out_queue, state->sock,
state->response);
if (req == NULL) {
+ DEBUG(10,("request_finished[%d:%s]: wb_resp_write_send() failed\n",
+ (int)state->pid, state->cmd_name));
remove_client(state);
return;
}
ret = wb_resp_write_recv(req, &err);
TALLOC_FREE(req);
if (ret == -1) {
- DEBUG(2, ("Could not write response to client: %s\n",
- strerror(err)));
+ close(state->sock);
+ state->sock = -1;
+ DEBUG(2, ("Could not write response[%d:%s] to client: %s\n",
+ (int)state->pid, state->cmd_name, strerror(err)));
remove_client(state);
return;
}
+ DEBUG(10,("winbind_client_response_written[%d:%s]: delivered response "
+ "to client\n", (int)state->pid, state->cmd_name));
+
TALLOC_FREE(state->mem_ctx);
state->response = NULL;
+ state->cmd_name = "no request";
+ state->recv_fn = NULL;
req = wb_req_read_send(state, winbind_event_context(), state->sock,
WINBINDD_MAX_EXTRA_DATA);
ret = wb_req_read_recv(req, state, &state->request, &err);
TALLOC_FREE(req);
if (ret == -1) {
- DEBUG(2, ("Could not read client request: %s\n",
- strerror(err)));
+ if (err == EPIPE) {
+ DEBUG(6, ("closing socket %d, client exited\n",
+ state->sock));
+ } else {
+ DEBUG(2, ("Could not read client request from fd %d: "
+ "%s\n", state->sock, strerror(err)));
+ }
+ close(state->sock);
+ state->sock = -1;
remove_client(state);
return;
}
return;
}
- /* tell client, we are closing ... */
- nwritten = write(state->sock, &c, sizeof(c));
- if (nwritten == -1) {
- /*
- * ignore EPIPE error here, because the other end might
- * have already closed the socket.
- */
- if (errno != EPIPE) {
+ if (state->sock != -1) {
+ /* tell client, we are closing ... */
+ nwritten = write(state->sock, &c, sizeof(c));
+ if (nwritten == -1) {
DEBUG(2, ("final write to client failed: %s\n",
- strerror(errno)));
+ strerror(errno)));
}
- }
-
- /* Close socket */
-
- close(state->sock);
- /* Free any getent state */
+ /* Close socket */
- free_getent_state(state->getpwent_state);
- free_getent_state(state->getgrent_state);
+ close(state->sock);
+ state->sock = -1;
+ }
TALLOC_FREE(state->mem_ctx);
for (state = winbindd_client_list(); state; state = state->next) {
if (state->response == NULL &&
- !state->getpwent_state && !state->getgrent_state) {
+ !state->pwent_state && !state->grent_state) {
nidle++;
if (!last_access || state->last_access < last_access) {
last_access = state->last_access;
new_connection(s->fd, s->privileged);
}
+/*
+ * Winbindd socket accessor functions
+ */
+
+const char *get_winbind_pipe_dir(void)
+{
+ return lp_parm_const_string(-1, "winbindd", "socket dir", WINBINDD_SOCKET_DIR);
+}
+
+char *get_winbind_priv_pipe_dir(void)
+{
+ return lock_path(WINBINDD_PRIV_SOCKET_SUBDIR);
+}
+
static bool winbindd_setup_listeners(void)
{
struct winbindd_listen_state *pub_state = NULL;
}
pub_state->privileged = false;
- pub_state->fd = open_winbindd_socket();
+ pub_state->fd = create_pipe_sock(
+ get_winbind_pipe_dir(), WINBINDD_SOCKET_NAME, 0755);
if (pub_state->fd == -1) {
goto failed;
}
}
priv_state->privileged = true;
- priv_state->fd = open_winbindd_priv_socket();
+ priv_state->fd = create_pipe_sock(
+ get_winbind_priv_pipe_dir(), WINBINDD_SOCKET_NAME, 0750);
if (priv_state->fd == -1) {
goto failed;
}
return !opt_nocache;
}
+void winbindd_register_handlers(void)
+{
+ struct tevent_timer *te;
+ /* Setup signal handlers */
+
+ if (!winbindd_setup_sig_term_handler(true))
+ exit(1);
+ if (!winbindd_setup_sig_hup_handler(NULL))
+ exit(1);
+ if (!winbindd_setup_sig_chld_handler())
+ exit(1);
+ if (!winbindd_setup_sig_usr2_handler())
+ exit(1);
+
+ CatchSignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); /* Ignore sigpipe */
+
+ /*
+ * Ensure all cache and idmap caches are consistent
+ * and initialized before we startup.
+ */
+ if (!winbindd_cache_validate_and_initialize()) {
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ /* get broadcast messages */
+
+ if (!serverid_register(procid_self(),
+ FLAG_MSG_GENERAL|FLAG_MSG_DBWRAP)) {
+ DEBUG(1, ("Could not register myself in serverid.tdb\n"));
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ /* React on 'smbcontrol winbindd reload-config' in the same way
+ as to SIGHUP signal */
+ messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
+ MSG_SMB_CONF_UPDATED, msg_reload_services);
+ messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
+ MSG_SHUTDOWN, msg_shutdown);
+
+ /* Handle online/offline messages. */
+ messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
+ MSG_WINBIND_OFFLINE, winbind_msg_offline);
+ messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
+ MSG_WINBIND_ONLINE, winbind_msg_online);
+ messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
+ MSG_WINBIND_ONLINESTATUS, winbind_msg_onlinestatus);
+
+ messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
+ MSG_DUMP_EVENT_LIST, winbind_msg_dump_event_list);
+
+ messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
+ MSG_WINBIND_VALIDATE_CACHE,
+ winbind_msg_validate_cache);
+
+ messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
+ MSG_WINBIND_DUMP_DOMAIN_LIST,
+ winbind_msg_dump_domain_list);
+
+ /* Register handler for MSG_DEBUG. */
+ messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
+ MSG_DEBUG,
+ winbind_msg_debug);
+
+ netsamlogon_cache_init(); /* Non-critical */
+
+ /* clear the cached list of trusted domains */
+
+ wcache_tdc_clear();
+
+ if (!init_domain_list()) {
+ DEBUG(0,("unable to initialize domain list\n"));
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ init_idmap_child();
+ init_locator_child();
+
+ smb_nscd_flush_user_cache();
+ smb_nscd_flush_group_cache();
+
+ te = tevent_add_timer(winbind_event_context(), NULL, timeval_zero(),
+ rescan_trusted_domains, NULL);
+ if (te == NULL) {
+ DEBUG(0, ("Could not trigger rescan_trusted_domains()\n"));
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+}
+
/* Main function */
int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
poptContext pc;
int opt;
TALLOC_CTX *frame = talloc_stackframe();
- struct tevent_timer *te;
+ NTSTATUS status;
/* glibc (?) likes to print "User defined signal 1" and exit if a
SIGUSR[12] is received before a handler is installed */
return False;
}
- /* Enable netbios namecache */
-
- namecache_enable();
-
/* Unblock all signals we are interested in as they may have been
blocked by the parent process. */
BlockSignals(False, SIGCHLD);
if (!interactive)
- become_daemon(Fork, no_process_group);
+ become_daemon(Fork, no_process_group, log_stdout);
pidfile_create("winbindd");
* winbindd-specific resources we must free yet. JRA.
*/
- if (!NT_STATUS_IS_OK(reinit_after_fork(winbind_messaging_context(),
- winbind_event_context(),
- false))) {
+ status = reinit_after_fork(winbind_messaging_context(),
+ winbind_event_context(),
+ procid_self(), false);
+ if (!NT_STATUS_IS_OK(status)) {
DEBUG(0,("reinit_after_fork() failed\n"));
exit(1);
}
- /* Setup signal handlers */
-
- if (!winbindd_setup_sig_term_handler(true))
- exit(1);
- if (!winbindd_setup_sig_hup_handler(NULL))
- exit(1);
- if (!winbindd_setup_sig_chld_handler())
- exit(1);
- if (!winbindd_setup_sig_usr2_handler())
- exit(1);
-
- CatchSignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); /* Ignore sigpipe */
-
- /*
- * Ensure all cache and idmap caches are consistent
- * and initialized before we startup.
- */
- if (!winbindd_cache_validate_and_initialize()) {
- exit(1);
- }
-
- /* get broadcast messages */
- claim_connection(NULL,"",FLAG_MSG_GENERAL|FLAG_MSG_DBWRAP);
+ winbindd_register_handlers();
- /* React on 'smbcontrol winbindd reload-config' in the same way
- as to SIGHUP signal */
- messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
- MSG_SMB_CONF_UPDATED, msg_reload_services);
- messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
- MSG_SHUTDOWN, msg_shutdown);
+ rpc_lsarpc_init(NULL);
+ rpc_samr_init(NULL);
- /* Handle online/offline messages. */
- messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
- MSG_WINBIND_OFFLINE, winbind_msg_offline);
- messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
- MSG_WINBIND_ONLINE, winbind_msg_online);
- messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
- MSG_WINBIND_ONLINESTATUS, winbind_msg_onlinestatus);
-
- messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
- MSG_DUMP_EVENT_LIST, winbind_msg_dump_event_list);
-
- messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
- MSG_WINBIND_VALIDATE_CACHE,
- winbind_msg_validate_cache);
-
- messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
- MSG_WINBIND_DUMP_DOMAIN_LIST,
- winbind_msg_dump_domain_list);
-
- /* Register handler for MSG_DEBUG. */
- messaging_register(winbind_messaging_context(), NULL,
- MSG_DEBUG,
- winbind_msg_debug);
-
- netsamlogon_cache_init(); /* Non-critical */
-
- /* clear the cached list of trusted domains */
-
- wcache_tdc_clear();
-
- if (!init_domain_list()) {
- DEBUG(0,("unable to initialize domain list\n"));
+ if (!init_system_info()) {
+ DEBUG(0,("ERROR: failed to setup system user info.\n"));
exit(1);
}
- init_idmap_child();
- init_locator_child();
-
- smb_nscd_flush_user_cache();
- smb_nscd_flush_group_cache();
-
/* setup listen sockets */
if (!winbindd_setup_listeners()) {
exit(1);
}
- te = tevent_add_timer(winbind_event_context(), NULL, timeval_zero(),
- rescan_trusted_domains, NULL);
- if (te == NULL) {
- DEBUG(0, ("Could not trigger rescan_trusted_domains()\n"));
- exit(1);
- }
-
TALLOC_FREE(frame);
/* Loop waiting for requests */
while (1) {
git.samba.org / amitay / samba.git / blobdiff