docs/zh_CN: Add dev-tools/ubsan Chinese translation

[sfrench/cifs-2.6.git] / Documentation / translations / zh_CN / dev-tools / ubsan.rst

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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst
+
+:Original: Documentation/dev-tools/ubsan.rst
+:Translator: Dongliang Mu <dzm91@hust.edu.cn>
+
+未定义行为消毒剂 - UBSAN
+====================================
+
+UBSAN是一种动态未定义行为检查工具。
+
+UBSAN使用编译时插桩捕捉未定义行为。编译器在可能导致未定义行为的操作前插入特定
+检测代码。如果检查失败，即检测到未定义行为，__ubsan_handle_* 函数将被调用打印
+错误信息。
+
+GCC自4.9.x [1_] （详见 ``-fsanitize=undefined`` 选项及其子选项）版本后引入这
+一特性。GCC 5.x 版本实现了更多检查器 [2_]。
+
+报告样例
+--------------
+
+::
+
+        ================================================================================
+        UBSAN: Undefined behaviour in ../include/linux/bitops.h:110:33
+        shift exponent 32 is to large for 32-bit type 'unsigned int'
+        CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.4.0-rc1+ #26
+         0000000000000000 ffffffff82403cc8 ffffffff815e6cd6 0000000000000001
+         ffffffff82403cf8 ffffffff82403ce0 ffffffff8163a5ed 0000000000000020
+         ffffffff82403d78 ffffffff8163ac2b ffffffff815f0001 0000000000000002
+        Call Trace:
+         [<ffffffff815e6cd6>] dump_stack+0x45/0x5f
+         [<ffffffff8163a5ed>] ubsan_epilogue+0xd/0x40
+         [<ffffffff8163ac2b>] __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0xeb/0x130
+         [<ffffffff815f0001>] ? radix_tree_gang_lookup_slot+0x51/0x150
+         [<ffffffff8173c586>] _mix_pool_bytes+0x1e6/0x480
+         [<ffffffff83105653>] ? dmi_walk_early+0x48/0x5c
+         [<ffffffff8173c881>] add_device_randomness+0x61/0x130
+         [<ffffffff83105b35>] ? dmi_save_one_device+0xaa/0xaa
+         [<ffffffff83105653>] dmi_walk_early+0x48/0x5c
+         [<ffffffff831066ae>] dmi_scan_machine+0x278/0x4b4
+         [<ffffffff8111d58a>] ? vprintk_default+0x1a/0x20
+         [<ffffffff830ad120>] ? early_idt_handler_array+0x120/0x120
+         [<ffffffff830b2240>] setup_arch+0x405/0xc2c
+         [<ffffffff830ad120>] ? early_idt_handler_array+0x120/0x120
+         [<ffffffff830ae053>] start_kernel+0x83/0x49a
+         [<ffffffff830ad120>] ? early_idt_handler_array+0x120/0x120
+         [<ffffffff830ad386>] x86_64_start_reservations+0x2a/0x2c
+         [<ffffffff830ad4f3>] x86_64_start_kernel+0x16b/0x17a
+        ================================================================================
+
+用法
+-----
+
+使用如下内核配置启用UBSAN::
+
+       CONFIG_UBSAN=y
+
+使用如下内核配置检查整个内核::
+
+        CONFIG_UBSAN_SANITIZE_ALL=y
+
+为了在特定文件或目录启动代码插桩，需要在相应的内核Makefile中添加一行类似内容:
+
+- 单文件（如main.o）::
+
+    UBSAN_SANITIZE_main.o := y
+
+- 一个目录中的所有文件::
+
+    UBSAN_SANITIZE := y
+
+即使设置了``CONFIG_UBSAN_SANITIZE_ALL=y``，为了避免文件被插桩，可使用::
+
+  UBSAN_SANITIZE_main.o := n
+
+与::
+
+  UBSAN_SANITIZE := n
+
+未对齐的内存访问检测可通过开启独立选项 - CONFIG_UBSAN_ALIGNMENT 检测。
+该选项在支持未对齐访问的架构上(CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS=y)
+默认为关闭。该选项仍可通过内核配置启用，但它将产生大量的UBSAN报告。
+
+参考文献
+----------
+
+.. _1: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.9.0/gcc/Debugging-Options.html
+.. _2: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Debugging-Options.html
+.. _3: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer.html