2 * Routines for null packet disassembly
4 * $Id: packet-null.c,v 1.15 1999/08/24 17:26:13 gram Exp $
6 * Ethereal - Network traffic analyzer
7 * By Gerald Combs <gerald@zing.org>
9 * This file created and by Mike Hall <mlh@io.com>
12 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
13 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
14 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
15 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
17 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
18 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
19 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
20 * GNU General Public License for more details.
22 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
23 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
24 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
31 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
32 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
38 #include <sys/socket.h>
44 extern const value_string etype_vals[];
46 /* protocols and header fields */
47 static int proto_null = -1;
48 static int hf_null_etype = -1;
49 static int hf_null_family = -1;
51 /* Null/loopback structs and definitions */
53 /* Macro to byte-swap 32-bit quantities. */
55 ((((x)&0xFF000000)>>24) | \
56 (((x)&0x00FF0000)>>8) | \
57 (((x)&0x0000FF00)<<8) | \
58 (((x)&0x000000FF)<<24))
63 #define BSD_AF_APPLETALK 16
65 #define BSD_AF_INET6_BSD 24 /* OpenBSD (and probably NetBSD), BSD/OS */
66 #define BSD_AF_INET6_FREEBSD 28
69 static const value_string family_vals[] = {
72 {BSD_AF_APPLETALK, "Appletalk" },
73 {BSD_AF_IPX, "Netware IPX/SPX"},
74 {BSD_AF_INET6_BSD, "IPv6" },
75 {BSD_AF_INET6_FREEBSD, "IPv6" },
80 capture_null( const u_char *pd, guint32 cap_len, packet_counts *ld )
85 * BSD drivers that use DLT_NULL - including the FreeBSD 3.2 ISDN-for-BSD
86 * drivers, as well as the 4.4-Lite and FreeBSD loopback drivers -
87 * appear to stuff the AF_ value for the protocol, in *host* byte
88 * order, in the first four bytes.
90 * However, according to Gerald Combs, a FreeBSD ISDN PPP dump that
91 * Andreas Klemm sent to ethereal-dev has a packet type of DLT_NULL,
92 * and the family bits look like PPP's protocol field. (Was this an
93 * older, or different, ISDN driver?) Looking at what appears to be
94 * that capture file, it appears that it's using PPP in HDLC framing,
95 * RFC 1549, wherein the first two octets of the frame are 0xFF
96 * (address) and 0x03 (control), so the header bytes are, in order:
100 * high-order byte of a PPP protocol field
101 * low-order byte of a PPP protocol field
103 * when reading it on a little-endian machine; that means it's
104 * PPPP03FF, where PPPP is a byte-swapped PPP protocol field.
106 * "libpcap" for Linux uses DLT_NULL only for the loopback device.
107 * The loopback driver in Linux 2.0.36, at least, puts an *Ethernet*
108 * header at the beginning of loopback packets; however, "libpcap"
109 * for Linux compensates for this by skipping the source and
110 * destination MAC addresses, replacing them with 2 bytes of 0.
111 * This means that if we're reading the capture on a little-endian
112 * machine, the header, treated as a 32-bit integer, looks like
114 * EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE0000000000000000
116 * where "EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE" is the Ethernet type, and if we're reading
117 * it on a big-endian machine, it looks like
119 * 0000000000000000EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
121 * The Ethernet type might or might not be byte-swapped; I haven't
122 * bothered thinking about that yet.
124 * AF_ values are (relatively) small integers, and shouldn't have their
125 * upper 16 bits zero; Ethernet types have to fit in 16 bits and
126 * thus must have their upper 16 bits zero. Therefore, if the upper
127 * 16 bits of the field aren't zero, it's in the wrong byte order.
129 * Ethernet types are bigger than 1536, and AF_ values are smaller
130 * than 1536, so we needn't worry about one being mistaken for
131 * the other. (There may be a problem if the 16-bit Ethernet
132 * type is byte-swapped as a 16-bit quantity, but if when treated
133 * as a 32-bit quantity its upper 16 bits are zero, but I'll think
134 * about that one later.)
136 * As for the PPP protocol field values:
138 * 0x0000 does not appear to be a valid PPP protocol field value,
139 * so the upper 16 bits will be non-zero, and we'll byte swap it.
144 * where PPPP is a non-byte-swapped PPP protocol field; we'll
145 * check for the upper 16 bits of the byte-swapped field being
146 * non-zero and, if so, assume the lower 16 bits are a PPP
147 * protocol field (AF_ and Ethernet protocol fields should leave
148 * the upper 16 bits zero - unless somebody stuff something else
151 * So, to compensate for this mess, we:
153 * check if the first two octets are 0xFF and 0x03 and, if so,
154 * treat it as a PPP frame;
156 * otherwise, byte-swap the value if its upper 16 bits aren't zero,
157 * and compare the lower 16 bits of the value against Ethernet
160 * If, as implied by an earlier version of the "e_nullhdr" structure,
161 * the family is only 16 bits, and there are "next" and "len" fields
162 * before it, that all goes completely to hell. (Note that, for
163 * the BSD header, we could byte-swap it if the capture was written
164 * on a machine with the opposite byte-order to ours - the "libpcap"
165 * header lets us determine that - but it's more of a mess for Linux,
166 * given that the effect of inserting the two 0 bytes depends only
167 * on the byte order of the machine reading the file.)
169 if (pd[0] == 0xFF && pd[1] == 0x03) {
173 capture_ppp(pd, cap_len, ld);
176 * Treat it as a normal DLT_NULL header.
178 memcpy((char *)&null_header, (char *)&pd[0], sizeof(null_header));
180 if ((null_header & 0xFFFF0000) != 0) {
182 null_header = BSWAP32(null_header);
186 * The null header value must be greater than the IEEE 802.3 maximum
187 * frame length to be a valid Ethernet type; if it is, hand it
188 * to "ethertype()", otherwise treat it as a BSD AF_type (we wire
189 * in the values of the BSD AF_ types, because the values
190 * in the file will be BSD values, and the OS on which
191 * we're building this might not have the same values or
192 * might not have them defined at all; XXX - what if different
193 * BSD derivatives have different values?).
195 if (null_header > IEEE_802_3_MAX_LEN)
196 capture_ethertype(null_header, 4, pd, cap_len, ld);
198 switch (null_header) {
201 capture_ip(pd, 4, cap_len, ld);
213 dissect_null( const u_char *pd, frame_data *fd, proto_tree *tree )
220 * See comment in "capture_null()" for an explanation of what we're
223 if (pd[0] == 0xFF && pd[1] == 0x03) {
227 dissect_ppp(pd, fd, tree);
230 * Treat it as a normal DLT_NULL header.
232 memcpy((char *)&null_header, (char *)&pd[0], sizeof(null_header));
234 if ((null_header & 0xFFFF0000) != 0) {
236 null_header = BSWAP32(null_header);
239 /* load the top pane info. This should be overwritten by
240 the next protocol in the stack */
241 if(check_col(fd, COL_RES_DL_SRC))
242 col_add_str(fd, COL_RES_DL_SRC, "N/A" );
243 if(check_col(fd, COL_RES_DL_DST))
244 col_add_str(fd, COL_RES_DL_DST, "N/A" );
245 if(check_col(fd, COL_PROTOCOL))
246 col_add_str(fd, COL_PROTOCOL, "N/A" );
247 if(check_col(fd, COL_INFO))
248 col_add_str(fd, COL_INFO, "Null/Loopback" );
251 * The null header value must be greater than the IEEE 802.3 maximum
252 * frame length to be a valid Ethernet type; if it is, hand it
253 * to "ethertype()", otherwise treat it as a BSD AF_type (we wire
254 * in the values of the BSD AF_ types, because the values
255 * in the file will be BSD values, and the OS on which
256 * we're building this might not have the same values or
257 * might not have them defined at all; XXX - what if different
258 * BSD derivatives have different values?).
260 if (null_header > IEEE_802_3_MAX_LEN) {
262 ti = proto_tree_add_item(tree, proto_null, 0, 4, NULL);
263 fh_tree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ETT_NULL);
266 ethertype(null_header, 4, pd, fd, tree, fh_tree, hf_null_etype);
268 /* populate a tree in the second pane with the status of the link
271 ti = proto_tree_add_item(tree, proto_null, 0, 4, NULL);
272 fh_tree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ETT_NULL);
273 proto_tree_add_item(fh_tree, hf_null_family, 0, 4, null_header);
276 switch (null_header) {
279 dissect_ip(pd, 4, fd, tree);
282 case BSD_AF_APPLETALK:
283 dissect_ddp(pd, 4, fd, tree);
287 dissect_ipx(pd, 4, fd, tree);
291 dissect_osi(pd, 4, fd, tree);
294 case BSD_AF_INET6_BSD:
295 case BSD_AF_INET6_FREEBSD:
296 dissect_ipv6(pd, 4, fd, tree);
300 dissect_data(pd, 4, fd, tree);
308 proto_register_null(void)
310 static hf_register_info hf[] = {
312 /* registered here but handled in ethertype.c */
314 { "Type", "null.type", FT_VALS_UINT16, VALS(etype_vals) }},
317 { "Family", "null.family", FT_VALS_UINT32, VALS(family_vals) }}
320 proto_null = proto_register_protocol ("Null/Loopback", "null" );
321 proto_register_field_array(proto_null, hf, array_length(hf));