1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * Freescale QMC HDLC Device Driver
5 * Copyright 2023 CS GROUP France
7 * Author: Herve Codina <herve.codina@bootlin.com>
10 #include <linux/array_size.h>
11 #include <linux/bug.h>
12 #include <linux/cleanup.h>
13 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
14 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
15 #include <linux/device.h>
16 #include <linux/err.h>
17 #include <linux/framer/framer.h>
18 #include <linux/hdlc.h>
19 #include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
20 #include <linux/module.h>
21 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
22 #include <linux/slab.h>
23 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
24 #include <linux/types.h>
26 #include <soc/fsl/qe/qmc.h>
28 struct qmc_hdlc_desc {
29 struct net_device *netdev;
30 struct sk_buff *skb; /* NULL if the descriptor is not in use */
37 struct qmc_chan *qmc_chan;
38 struct net_device *netdev;
39 struct framer *framer;
40 spinlock_t carrier_lock; /* Protect carrier detection */
41 struct notifier_block nb;
43 spinlock_t tx_lock; /* Protect tx descriptors */
44 struct qmc_hdlc_desc tx_descs[8];
46 struct qmc_hdlc_desc rx_descs[4];
50 static struct qmc_hdlc *netdev_to_qmc_hdlc(struct net_device *netdev)
52 return dev_to_hdlc(netdev)->priv;
55 static int qmc_hdlc_framer_set_carrier(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc)
57 struct framer_status framer_status;
60 if (!qmc_hdlc->framer)
63 guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&qmc_hdlc->carrier_lock);
65 ret = framer_get_status(qmc_hdlc->framer, &framer_status);
67 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "get framer status failed (%d)\n", ret);
70 if (framer_status.link_is_on)
71 netif_carrier_on(qmc_hdlc->netdev);
73 netif_carrier_off(qmc_hdlc->netdev);
78 static int qmc_hdlc_framer_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long action,
81 struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc = container_of(nb, struct qmc_hdlc, nb);
84 if (action != FRAMER_EVENT_STATUS)
87 ret = qmc_hdlc_framer_set_carrier(qmc_hdlc);
88 return ret ? NOTIFY_DONE : NOTIFY_OK;
91 static int qmc_hdlc_framer_start(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc)
93 struct framer_status framer_status;
96 if (!qmc_hdlc->framer)
99 ret = framer_power_on(qmc_hdlc->framer);
101 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "framer power-on failed (%d)\n", ret);
105 /* Be sure that get_status is supported */
106 ret = framer_get_status(qmc_hdlc->framer, &framer_status);
108 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "get framer status failed (%d)\n", ret);
109 goto framer_power_off;
112 qmc_hdlc->nb.notifier_call = qmc_hdlc_framer_notifier;
113 ret = framer_notifier_register(qmc_hdlc->framer, &qmc_hdlc->nb);
115 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "framer notifier register failed (%d)\n", ret);
116 goto framer_power_off;
122 framer_power_off(qmc_hdlc->framer);
126 static void qmc_hdlc_framer_stop(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc)
128 if (!qmc_hdlc->framer)
131 framer_notifier_unregister(qmc_hdlc->framer, &qmc_hdlc->nb);
132 framer_power_off(qmc_hdlc->framer);
135 static int qmc_hdlc_framer_set_iface(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc, int if_iface,
136 const te1_settings *te1)
138 struct framer_config config;
141 if (!qmc_hdlc->framer)
144 ret = framer_get_config(qmc_hdlc->framer, &config);
150 config.iface = FRAMER_IFACE_E1;
153 config.iface = FRAMER_IFACE_T1;
159 switch (te1->clock_type) {
161 /* Keep current value */
164 config.clock_type = FRAMER_CLOCK_EXT;
167 config.clock_type = FRAMER_CLOCK_INT;
172 config.line_clock_rate = te1->clock_rate;
174 return framer_set_config(qmc_hdlc->framer, &config);
177 static int qmc_hdlc_framer_get_iface(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc, int *if_iface, te1_settings *te1)
179 struct framer_config config;
182 if (!qmc_hdlc->framer) {
183 *if_iface = IF_IFACE_E1;
187 ret = framer_get_config(qmc_hdlc->framer, &config);
191 switch (config.iface) {
192 case FRAMER_IFACE_E1:
193 *if_iface = IF_IFACE_E1;
195 case FRAMER_IFACE_T1:
196 *if_iface = IF_IFACE_T1;
201 return 0; /* Only iface type requested */
203 switch (config.clock_type) {
204 case FRAMER_CLOCK_EXT:
205 te1->clock_type = CLOCK_EXT;
207 case FRAMER_CLOCK_INT:
208 te1->clock_type = CLOCK_INT;
213 te1->clock_rate = config.line_clock_rate;
217 static int qmc_hdlc_framer_init(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc)
221 if (!qmc_hdlc->framer)
224 ret = framer_init(qmc_hdlc->framer);
226 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "framer init failed (%d)\n", ret);
233 static void qmc_hdlc_framer_exit(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc)
235 if (!qmc_hdlc->framer)
238 framer_exit(qmc_hdlc->framer);
241 static int qmc_hdlc_recv_queue(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc, struct qmc_hdlc_desc *desc, size_t size);
243 #define QMC_HDLC_RX_ERROR_FLAGS \
244 (QMC_RX_FLAG_HDLC_OVF | QMC_RX_FLAG_HDLC_UNA | \
245 QMC_RX_FLAG_HDLC_CRC | QMC_RX_FLAG_HDLC_ABORT)
247 static void qmc_hcld_recv_complete(void *context, size_t length, unsigned int flags)
249 struct qmc_hdlc_desc *desc = context;
250 struct net_device *netdev;
251 struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc;
254 netdev = desc->netdev;
255 qmc_hdlc = netdev_to_qmc_hdlc(netdev);
257 dma_unmap_single(qmc_hdlc->dev, desc->dma_addr, desc->dma_size, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
259 if (flags & QMC_HDLC_RX_ERROR_FLAGS) {
260 netdev->stats.rx_errors++;
261 if (flags & QMC_RX_FLAG_HDLC_OVF) /* Data overflow */
262 netdev->stats.rx_over_errors++;
263 if (flags & QMC_RX_FLAG_HDLC_UNA) /* bits received not multiple of 8 */
264 netdev->stats.rx_frame_errors++;
265 if (flags & QMC_RX_FLAG_HDLC_ABORT) /* Received an abort sequence */
266 netdev->stats.rx_frame_errors++;
267 if (flags & QMC_RX_FLAG_HDLC_CRC) /* CRC error */
268 netdev->stats.rx_crc_errors++;
269 kfree_skb(desc->skb);
271 netdev->stats.rx_packets++;
272 netdev->stats.rx_bytes += length;
274 skb_put(desc->skb, length);
275 desc->skb->protocol = hdlc_type_trans(desc->skb, netdev);
279 /* Re-queue a transfer using the same descriptor */
280 ret = qmc_hdlc_recv_queue(qmc_hdlc, desc, desc->dma_size);
282 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "queue recv desc failed (%d)\n", ret);
283 netdev->stats.rx_errors++;
287 static int qmc_hdlc_recv_queue(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc, struct qmc_hdlc_desc *desc, size_t size)
291 desc->skb = dev_alloc_skb(size);
295 desc->dma_size = size;
296 desc->dma_addr = dma_map_single(qmc_hdlc->dev, desc->skb->data,
297 desc->dma_size, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
298 ret = dma_mapping_error(qmc_hdlc->dev, desc->dma_addr);
302 ret = qmc_chan_read_submit(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan, desc->dma_addr, desc->dma_size,
303 qmc_hcld_recv_complete, desc);
310 dma_unmap_single(qmc_hdlc->dev, desc->dma_addr, desc->dma_size, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
312 kfree_skb(desc->skb);
317 static void qmc_hdlc_xmit_complete(void *context)
319 struct qmc_hdlc_desc *desc = context;
320 struct net_device *netdev;
321 struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc;
324 netdev = desc->netdev;
325 qmc_hdlc = netdev_to_qmc_hdlc(netdev);
327 scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &qmc_hdlc->tx_lock) {
328 dma_unmap_single(qmc_hdlc->dev, desc->dma_addr, desc->dma_size, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
330 desc->skb = NULL; /* Release the descriptor */
331 if (netif_queue_stopped(netdev))
332 netif_wake_queue(netdev);
335 netdev->stats.tx_packets++;
336 netdev->stats.tx_bytes += skb->len;
338 dev_consume_skb_any(skb);
341 static int qmc_hdlc_xmit_queue(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc, struct qmc_hdlc_desc *desc)
345 desc->dma_addr = dma_map_single(qmc_hdlc->dev, desc->skb->data,
346 desc->dma_size, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
347 ret = dma_mapping_error(qmc_hdlc->dev, desc->dma_addr);
349 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "failed to map skb\n");
353 ret = qmc_chan_write_submit(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan, desc->dma_addr, desc->dma_size,
354 qmc_hdlc_xmit_complete, desc);
356 dma_unmap_single(qmc_hdlc->dev, desc->dma_addr, desc->dma_size, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
357 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "qmc chan write returns %d\n", ret);
364 static netdev_tx_t qmc_hdlc_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *netdev)
366 struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc = netdev_to_qmc_hdlc(netdev);
367 struct qmc_hdlc_desc *desc;
370 guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&qmc_hdlc->tx_lock);
372 desc = &qmc_hdlc->tx_descs[qmc_hdlc->tx_out];
373 if (WARN_ONCE(desc->skb, "No tx descriptors available\n")) {
374 /* Should never happen.
375 * Previous xmit should have already stopped the queue.
377 netif_stop_queue(netdev);
378 return NETDEV_TX_BUSY;
381 desc->netdev = netdev;
382 desc->dma_size = skb->len;
384 err = qmc_hdlc_xmit_queue(qmc_hdlc, desc);
386 desc->skb = NULL; /* Release the descriptor */
388 netif_stop_queue(netdev);
389 return NETDEV_TX_BUSY;
392 netdev->stats.tx_dropped++;
396 qmc_hdlc->tx_out = (qmc_hdlc->tx_out + 1) % ARRAY_SIZE(qmc_hdlc->tx_descs);
398 if (qmc_hdlc->tx_descs[qmc_hdlc->tx_out].skb)
399 netif_stop_queue(netdev);
404 static int qmc_hdlc_xlate_slot_map(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc,
405 u32 slot_map, struct qmc_chan_ts_info *ts_info)
407 DECLARE_BITMAP(ts_mask_avail, 64);
408 DECLARE_BITMAP(ts_mask, 64);
409 DECLARE_BITMAP(map, 64);
411 /* Tx and Rx available masks must be identical */
412 if (ts_info->rx_ts_mask_avail != ts_info->tx_ts_mask_avail) {
413 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "tx and rx available timeslots mismatch (0x%llx, 0x%llx)\n",
414 ts_info->rx_ts_mask_avail, ts_info->tx_ts_mask_avail);
418 bitmap_from_u64(ts_mask_avail, ts_info->rx_ts_mask_avail);
419 bitmap_from_u64(map, slot_map);
420 bitmap_scatter(ts_mask, map, ts_mask_avail, 64);
422 if (bitmap_weight(ts_mask, 64) != bitmap_weight(map, 64)) {
423 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "Cannot translate timeslots %64pb -> (%64pb, %64pb)\n",
424 map, ts_mask_avail, ts_mask);
428 bitmap_to_arr64(&ts_info->tx_ts_mask, ts_mask, 64);
429 ts_info->rx_ts_mask = ts_info->tx_ts_mask;
433 static int qmc_hdlc_xlate_ts_info(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc,
434 const struct qmc_chan_ts_info *ts_info, u32 *slot_map)
436 DECLARE_BITMAP(ts_mask_avail, 64);
437 DECLARE_BITMAP(ts_mask, 64);
438 DECLARE_BITMAP(map, 64);
441 /* Tx and Rx masks and available masks must be identical */
442 if (ts_info->rx_ts_mask_avail != ts_info->tx_ts_mask_avail) {
443 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "tx and rx available timeslots mismatch (0x%llx, 0x%llx)\n",
444 ts_info->rx_ts_mask_avail, ts_info->tx_ts_mask_avail);
447 if (ts_info->rx_ts_mask != ts_info->tx_ts_mask) {
448 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "tx and rx timeslots mismatch (0x%llx, 0x%llx)\n",
449 ts_info->rx_ts_mask, ts_info->tx_ts_mask);
453 bitmap_from_u64(ts_mask_avail, ts_info->rx_ts_mask_avail);
454 bitmap_from_u64(ts_mask, ts_info->rx_ts_mask);
455 bitmap_gather(map, ts_mask, ts_mask_avail, 64);
457 if (bitmap_weight(ts_mask, 64) != bitmap_weight(map, 64)) {
458 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "Cannot translate timeslots (%64pb, %64pb) -> %64pb\n",
459 ts_mask_avail, ts_mask, map);
463 bitmap_to_arr32(slot_array, map, 64);
465 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "Slot map out of 32bit (%64pb, %64pb) -> %64pb\n",
466 ts_mask_avail, ts_mask, map);
470 *slot_map = slot_array[0];
474 static int qmc_hdlc_set_iface(struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc, int if_iface, const te1_settings *te1)
476 struct qmc_chan_ts_info ts_info;
479 ret = qmc_chan_get_ts_info(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan, &ts_info);
481 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "get QMC channel ts info failed %d\n", ret);
484 ret = qmc_hdlc_xlate_slot_map(qmc_hdlc, te1->slot_map, &ts_info);
488 ret = qmc_chan_set_ts_info(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan, &ts_info);
490 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "set QMC channel ts info failed %d\n", ret);
494 qmc_hdlc->slot_map = te1->slot_map;
496 ret = qmc_hdlc_framer_set_iface(qmc_hdlc, if_iface, te1);
498 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "framer set iface failed %d\n", ret);
505 static int qmc_hdlc_ioctl(struct net_device *netdev, struct if_settings *ifs)
507 struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc = netdev_to_qmc_hdlc(netdev);
513 if (ifs->size < sizeof(te1)) {
514 /* Retrieve type only */
515 ret = qmc_hdlc_framer_get_iface(qmc_hdlc, &ifs->type, NULL);
520 return 0; /* only type requested */
522 ifs->size = sizeof(te1); /* data size wanted */
526 memset(&te1, 0, sizeof(te1));
528 /* Retrieve info from framer */
529 ret = qmc_hdlc_framer_get_iface(qmc_hdlc, &ifs->type, &te1);
533 /* Update slot_map */
534 te1.slot_map = qmc_hdlc->slot_map;
536 if (copy_to_user(ifs->ifs_ifsu.te1, &te1, sizeof(te1)))
542 if (!capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN))
545 if (netdev->flags & IFF_UP)
548 if (copy_from_user(&te1, ifs->ifs_ifsu.te1, sizeof(te1)))
551 return qmc_hdlc_set_iface(qmc_hdlc, ifs->type, &te1);
554 return hdlc_ioctl(netdev, ifs);
558 static int qmc_hdlc_open(struct net_device *netdev)
560 struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc = netdev_to_qmc_hdlc(netdev);
561 struct qmc_chan_param chan_param;
562 struct qmc_hdlc_desc *desc;
566 ret = qmc_hdlc_framer_start(qmc_hdlc);
570 ret = hdlc_open(netdev);
575 qmc_hdlc_framer_set_carrier(qmc_hdlc);
577 chan_param.mode = QMC_HDLC;
578 /* HDLC_MAX_MRU + 4 for the CRC
579 * HDLC_MAX_MRU + 4 + 8 for the CRC and some extraspace needed by the QMC
581 chan_param.hdlc.max_rx_buf_size = HDLC_MAX_MRU + 4 + 8;
582 chan_param.hdlc.max_rx_frame_size = HDLC_MAX_MRU + 4;
583 chan_param.hdlc.is_crc32 = qmc_hdlc->is_crc32;
584 ret = qmc_chan_set_param(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan, &chan_param);
586 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "failed to set param (%d)\n", ret);
590 /* Queue as many recv descriptors as possible */
591 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(qmc_hdlc->rx_descs); i++) {
592 desc = &qmc_hdlc->rx_descs[i];
594 desc->netdev = netdev;
595 ret = qmc_hdlc_recv_queue(qmc_hdlc, desc, chan_param.hdlc.max_rx_buf_size);
596 if (ret == -EBUSY && i != 0)
597 break; /* We use all the QMC chan capability */
602 ret = qmc_chan_start(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan, QMC_CHAN_ALL);
604 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "qmc chan start failed (%d)\n", ret);
608 netif_start_queue(netdev);
613 qmc_chan_reset(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan, QMC_CHAN_ALL);
615 desc = &qmc_hdlc->rx_descs[i];
616 dma_unmap_single(qmc_hdlc->dev, desc->dma_addr, desc->dma_size,
618 kfree_skb(desc->skb);
624 qmc_hdlc_framer_stop(qmc_hdlc);
628 static int qmc_hdlc_close(struct net_device *netdev)
630 struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc = netdev_to_qmc_hdlc(netdev);
631 struct qmc_hdlc_desc *desc;
634 qmc_chan_stop(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan, QMC_CHAN_ALL);
635 qmc_chan_reset(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan, QMC_CHAN_ALL);
637 netif_stop_queue(netdev);
639 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(qmc_hdlc->tx_descs); i++) {
640 desc = &qmc_hdlc->tx_descs[i];
643 dma_unmap_single(qmc_hdlc->dev, desc->dma_addr, desc->dma_size,
645 kfree_skb(desc->skb);
649 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(qmc_hdlc->rx_descs); i++) {
650 desc = &qmc_hdlc->rx_descs[i];
653 dma_unmap_single(qmc_hdlc->dev, desc->dma_addr, desc->dma_size,
655 kfree_skb(desc->skb);
660 qmc_hdlc_framer_stop(qmc_hdlc);
664 static int qmc_hdlc_attach(struct net_device *netdev, unsigned short encoding,
665 unsigned short parity)
667 struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc = netdev_to_qmc_hdlc(netdev);
669 if (encoding != ENCODING_NRZ)
673 case PARITY_CRC16_PR1_CCITT:
674 qmc_hdlc->is_crc32 = false;
676 case PARITY_CRC32_PR1_CCITT:
677 qmc_hdlc->is_crc32 = true;
680 dev_err(qmc_hdlc->dev, "unsupported parity %u\n", parity);
687 static const struct net_device_ops qmc_hdlc_netdev_ops = {
688 .ndo_open = qmc_hdlc_open,
689 .ndo_stop = qmc_hdlc_close,
690 .ndo_start_xmit = hdlc_start_xmit,
691 .ndo_siocwandev = qmc_hdlc_ioctl,
694 static int qmc_hdlc_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
696 struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
697 struct qmc_chan_ts_info ts_info;
698 struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc;
699 struct qmc_chan_info info;
703 qmc_hdlc = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*qmc_hdlc), GFP_KERNEL);
708 spin_lock_init(&qmc_hdlc->tx_lock);
709 spin_lock_init(&qmc_hdlc->carrier_lock);
711 qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan = devm_qmc_chan_get_bychild(dev, dev->of_node);
712 if (IS_ERR(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan))
713 return dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan),
714 "get QMC channel failed\n");
716 ret = qmc_chan_get_info(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan, &info);
718 return dev_err_probe(dev, ret, "get QMC channel info failed\n");
720 if (info.mode != QMC_HDLC)
721 return dev_err_probe(dev, -EINVAL, "QMC chan mode %d is not QMC_HDLC\n",
724 ret = qmc_chan_get_ts_info(qmc_hdlc->qmc_chan, &ts_info);
726 return dev_err_probe(dev, ret, "get QMC channel ts info failed\n");
728 ret = qmc_hdlc_xlate_ts_info(qmc_hdlc, &ts_info, &qmc_hdlc->slot_map);
732 qmc_hdlc->framer = devm_framer_optional_get(dev, "fsl,framer");
733 if (IS_ERR(qmc_hdlc->framer))
734 return PTR_ERR(qmc_hdlc->framer);
736 ret = qmc_hdlc_framer_init(qmc_hdlc);
740 qmc_hdlc->netdev = alloc_hdlcdev(qmc_hdlc);
741 if (!qmc_hdlc->netdev) {
746 hdlc = dev_to_hdlc(qmc_hdlc->netdev);
747 hdlc->attach = qmc_hdlc_attach;
748 hdlc->xmit = qmc_hdlc_xmit;
749 SET_NETDEV_DEV(qmc_hdlc->netdev, dev);
750 qmc_hdlc->netdev->tx_queue_len = ARRAY_SIZE(qmc_hdlc->tx_descs);
751 qmc_hdlc->netdev->netdev_ops = &qmc_hdlc_netdev_ops;
752 ret = register_hdlc_device(qmc_hdlc->netdev);
754 dev_err_probe(dev, ret, "failed to register hdlc device\n");
758 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, qmc_hdlc);
762 free_netdev(qmc_hdlc->netdev);
764 qmc_hdlc_framer_exit(qmc_hdlc);
768 static int qmc_hdlc_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
770 struct qmc_hdlc *qmc_hdlc = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
772 unregister_hdlc_device(qmc_hdlc->netdev);
773 free_netdev(qmc_hdlc->netdev);
774 qmc_hdlc_framer_exit(qmc_hdlc);
779 static const struct of_device_id qmc_hdlc_id_table[] = {
780 { .compatible = "fsl,qmc-hdlc" },
783 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, qmc_hdlc_id_table);
785 static struct platform_driver qmc_hdlc_driver = {
787 .name = "fsl-qmc-hdlc",
788 .of_match_table = qmc_hdlc_id_table,
790 .probe = qmc_hdlc_probe,
791 .remove = qmc_hdlc_remove,
793 module_platform_driver(qmc_hdlc_driver);
795 MODULE_AUTHOR("Herve Codina <herve.codina@bootlin.com>");
796 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("QMC HDLC driver");
797 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");