1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Page Attribute Table (PAT) support: handle memory caching attributes in page tables.
5 * Authors: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
6 * Suresh B Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
8 * Loosely based on earlier PAT patchset from Eric Biederman and Andi Kleen.
12 * PAT is a CPU feature supported by all modern x86 CPUs, to allow the firmware and
13 * the kernel to set one of a handful of 'caching type' attributes for physical
14 * memory ranges: uncached, write-combining, write-through, write-protected,
15 * and the most commonly used and default attribute: write-back caching.
17 * PAT support supersedes and augments MTRR support in a compatible fashion: MTRR is
18 * a hardware interface to enumerate a limited number of physical memory ranges
19 * and set their caching attributes explicitly, programmed into the CPU via MSRs.
20 * Even modern CPUs have MTRRs enabled - but these are typically not touched
21 * by the kernel or by user-space (such as the X server), we rely on PAT for any
22 * additional cache attribute logic.
24 * PAT doesn't work via explicit memory ranges, but uses page table entries to add
25 * cache attribute information to the mapped memory range: there's 3 bits used,
26 * (_PAGE_PWT, _PAGE_PCD, _PAGE_PAT), with the 8 possible values mapped by the
27 * CPU to actual cache attributes via an MSR loaded into the CPU (MSR_IA32_CR_PAT).
29 * ( There's a metric ton of finer details, such as compatibility with CPU quirks
30 * that only support 4 types of PAT entries, and interaction with MTRRs, see
31 * below for details. )
34 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
35 #include <linux/memblock.h>
36 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
37 #include <linux/ioport.h>
38 #include <linux/kernel.h>
39 #include <linux/pfn_t.h>
40 #include <linux/slab.h>
43 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
45 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
46 #include <asm/cacheinfo.h>
47 #include <asm/processor.h>
48 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
49 #include <asm/x86_init.h>
50 #include <asm/fcntl.h>
51 #include <asm/e820/api.h>
55 #include <asm/memtype.h>
59 #include "../mm_internal.h"
62 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "" fmt
64 static bool __read_mostly pat_disabled = !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_PAT);
65 static u64 __ro_after_init pat_msr_val;
68 * PAT support is enabled by default, but can be disabled for
69 * various user-requested or hardware-forced reasons:
71 static void __init pat_disable(const char *msg_reason)
77 pr_info("x86/PAT: %s\n", msg_reason);
79 memory_caching_control &= ~CACHE_PAT;
82 static int __init nopat(char *str)
84 pat_disable("PAT support disabled via boot option.");
87 early_param("nopat", nopat);
89 bool pat_enabled(void)
93 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pat_enabled);
97 static int __init pat_debug_setup(char *str)
102 __setup("debugpat", pat_debug_setup);
104 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAT
106 * X86 PAT uses page flags arch_1 and uncached together to keep track of
107 * memory type of pages that have backing page struct.
109 * X86 PAT supports 4 different memory types:
110 * - _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB
111 * - _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WC
112 * - _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS
113 * - _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WT
115 * _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB is the default type.
119 #define _PGMT_WC (1UL << PG_arch_1)
120 #define _PGMT_UC_MINUS (1UL << PG_uncached)
121 #define _PGMT_WT (1UL << PG_uncached | 1UL << PG_arch_1)
122 #define _PGMT_MASK (1UL << PG_uncached | 1UL << PG_arch_1)
123 #define _PGMT_CLEAR_MASK (~_PGMT_MASK)
125 static inline enum page_cache_mode get_page_memtype(struct page *pg)
127 unsigned long pg_flags = pg->flags & _PGMT_MASK;
129 if (pg_flags == _PGMT_WB)
130 return _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB;
131 else if (pg_flags == _PGMT_WC)
132 return _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WC;
133 else if (pg_flags == _PGMT_UC_MINUS)
134 return _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS;
136 return _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WT;
139 static inline void set_page_memtype(struct page *pg,
140 enum page_cache_mode memtype)
142 unsigned long memtype_flags;
143 unsigned long old_flags;
144 unsigned long new_flags;
147 case _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WC:
148 memtype_flags = _PGMT_WC;
150 case _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS:
151 memtype_flags = _PGMT_UC_MINUS;
153 case _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WT:
154 memtype_flags = _PGMT_WT;
156 case _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB:
158 memtype_flags = _PGMT_WB;
162 old_flags = READ_ONCE(pg->flags);
164 new_flags = (old_flags & _PGMT_CLEAR_MASK) | memtype_flags;
165 } while (!try_cmpxchg(&pg->flags, &old_flags, new_flags));
168 static inline enum page_cache_mode get_page_memtype(struct page *pg)
172 static inline void set_page_memtype(struct page *pg,
173 enum page_cache_mode memtype)
179 PAT_UC = 0, /* uncached */
180 PAT_WC = 1, /* Write combining */
181 PAT_WT = 4, /* Write Through */
182 PAT_WP = 5, /* Write Protected */
183 PAT_WB = 6, /* Write Back (default) */
184 PAT_UC_MINUS = 7, /* UC, but can be overridden by MTRR */
187 #define CM(c) (_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_ ## c)
189 static enum page_cache_mode __init pat_get_cache_mode(unsigned int pat_val,
192 enum page_cache_mode cache;
196 case PAT_UC: cache = CM(UC); cache_mode = "UC "; break;
197 case PAT_WC: cache = CM(WC); cache_mode = "WC "; break;
198 case PAT_WT: cache = CM(WT); cache_mode = "WT "; break;
199 case PAT_WP: cache = CM(WP); cache_mode = "WP "; break;
200 case PAT_WB: cache = CM(WB); cache_mode = "WB "; break;
201 case PAT_UC_MINUS: cache = CM(UC_MINUS); cache_mode = "UC- "; break;
202 default: cache = CM(WB); cache_mode = "WB "; break;
205 memcpy(msg, cache_mode, 4);
213 * Update the cache mode to pgprot translation tables according to PAT
215 * Using lower indices is preferred, so we start with highest index.
217 static void __init init_cache_modes(u64 pat)
219 enum page_cache_mode cache;
224 for (i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
225 cache = pat_get_cache_mode((pat >> (i * 8)) & 7,
227 update_cache_mode_entry(i, cache);
229 pr_info("x86/PAT: Configuration [0-7]: %s\n", pat_msg);
232 void pat_cpu_init(void)
234 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PAT)) {
236 * If this happens we are on a secondary CPU, but switched to
237 * PAT on the boot CPU. We have no way to undo PAT.
239 panic("x86/PAT: PAT enabled, but not supported by secondary CPU\n");
242 wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, pat_msr_val);
248 * pat_bp_init - Initialize the PAT MSR value and PAT table
250 * This function initializes PAT MSR value and PAT table with an OS-defined
251 * value to enable additional cache attributes, WC, WT and WP.
253 * This function prepares the calls of pat_cpu_init() via cache_cpu_init()
256 void __init pat_bp_init(void)
258 struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &boot_cpu_data;
259 #define PAT(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7) \
260 (((u64)PAT_ ## p0) | ((u64)PAT_ ## p1 << 8) | \
261 ((u64)PAT_ ## p2 << 16) | ((u64)PAT_ ## p3 << 24) | \
262 ((u64)PAT_ ## p4 << 32) | ((u64)PAT_ ## p5 << 40) | \
263 ((u64)PAT_ ## p6 << 48) | ((u64)PAT_ ## p7 << 56))
266 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_PAT))
267 pr_info_once("x86/PAT: PAT support disabled because CONFIG_X86_PAT is disabled in the kernel.\n");
269 if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_PAT))
270 pat_disable("PAT not supported by the CPU.");
272 rdmsrl(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, pat_msr_val);
275 pat_disable("PAT support disabled by the firmware.");
278 * No PAT. Emulate the PAT table that corresponds to the two
279 * cache bits, PWT (Write Through) and PCD (Cache Disable).
280 * This setup is also the same as the BIOS default setup.
287 * 00 0 WB : _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB
288 * 01 1 WT : _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WT
289 * 10 2 UC-: _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS
290 * 11 3 UC : _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC
292 * NOTE: When WC or WP is used, it is redirected to UC- per
293 * the default setup in __cachemode2pte_tbl[].
295 pat_msr_val = PAT(WB, WT, UC_MINUS, UC, WB, WT, UC_MINUS, UC);
299 * Xen PV doesn't allow to set PAT MSR, but all cache modes are
302 if (pat_disabled || cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_XENPV)) {
303 init_cache_modes(pat_msr_val);
307 if ((c->x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_INTEL) &&
308 (((c->x86 == 0x6) && (c->x86_model <= 0xd)) ||
309 ((c->x86 == 0xf) && (c->x86_model <= 0x6)))) {
311 * PAT support with the lower four entries. Intel Pentium 2,
312 * 3, M, and 4 are affected by PAT errata, which makes the
313 * upper four entries unusable. To be on the safe side, we don't
321 * 000 0 WB : _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB
322 * 001 1 WC : _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WC
323 * 010 2 UC-: _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS
324 * 011 3 UC : _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC
327 * NOTE: When WT or WP is used, it is redirected to UC- per
328 * the default setup in __cachemode2pte_tbl[].
330 pat_msr_val = PAT(WB, WC, UC_MINUS, UC, WB, WC, UC_MINUS, UC);
333 * Full PAT support. We put WT in slot 7 to improve
334 * robustness in the presence of errata that might cause
335 * the high PAT bit to be ignored. This way, a buggy slot 7
336 * access will hit slot 3, and slot 3 is UC, so at worst
337 * we lose performance without causing a correctness issue.
338 * Pentium 4 erratum N46 is an example for such an erratum,
339 * although we try not to use PAT at all on affected CPUs.
346 * 000 0 WB : _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB
347 * 001 1 WC : _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WC
348 * 010 2 UC-: _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS
349 * 011 3 UC : _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC
350 * 100 4 WB : Reserved
351 * 101 5 WP : _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WP
352 * 110 6 UC-: Reserved
353 * 111 7 WT : _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WT
355 * The reserved slots are unused, but mapped to their
356 * corresponding types in the presence of PAT errata.
358 pat_msr_val = PAT(WB, WC, UC_MINUS, UC, WB, WP, UC_MINUS, WT);
361 memory_caching_control |= CACHE_PAT;
363 init_cache_modes(pat_msr_val);
367 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(memtype_lock); /* protects memtype accesses */
370 * Does intersection of PAT memory type and MTRR memory type and returns
371 * the resulting memory type as PAT understands it.
372 * (Type in pat and mtrr will not have same value)
373 * The intersection is based on "Effective Memory Type" tables in IA-32
376 static unsigned long pat_x_mtrr_type(u64 start, u64 end,
377 enum page_cache_mode req_type)
380 * Look for MTRR hint to get the effective type in case where PAT
383 if (req_type == _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB) {
384 u8 mtrr_type, uniform;
386 mtrr_type = mtrr_type_lookup(start, end, &uniform);
387 if (mtrr_type != MTRR_TYPE_WRBACK)
388 return _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS;
390 return _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB;
396 struct pagerange_state {
397 unsigned long cur_pfn;
403 pagerange_is_ram_callback(unsigned long initial_pfn, unsigned long total_nr_pages, void *arg)
405 struct pagerange_state *state = arg;
407 state->not_ram |= initial_pfn > state->cur_pfn;
408 state->ram |= total_nr_pages > 0;
409 state->cur_pfn = initial_pfn + total_nr_pages;
411 return state->ram && state->not_ram;
414 static int pat_pagerange_is_ram(resource_size_t start, resource_size_t end)
417 unsigned long start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
418 unsigned long end_pfn = (end + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
419 struct pagerange_state state = {start_pfn, 0, 0};
422 * For legacy reasons, physical address range in the legacy ISA
423 * region is tracked as non-RAM. This will allow users of
424 * /dev/mem to map portions of legacy ISA region, even when
425 * some of those portions are listed(or not even listed) with
426 * different e820 types(RAM/reserved/..)
428 if (start_pfn < ISA_END_ADDRESS >> PAGE_SHIFT)
429 start_pfn = ISA_END_ADDRESS >> PAGE_SHIFT;
431 if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
432 ret = walk_system_ram_range(start_pfn, end_pfn - start_pfn,
433 &state, pagerange_is_ram_callback);
436 return (ret > 0) ? -1 : (state.ram ? 1 : 0);
440 * For RAM pages, we use page flags to mark the pages with appropriate type.
441 * The page flags are limited to four types, WB (default), WC, WT and UC-.
442 * WP request fails with -EINVAL, and UC gets redirected to UC-. Setting
443 * a new memory type is only allowed for a page mapped with the default WB
446 * Here we do two passes:
447 * - Find the memtype of all the pages in the range, look for any conflicts.
448 * - In case of no conflicts, set the new memtype for pages in the range.
450 static int reserve_ram_pages_type(u64 start, u64 end,
451 enum page_cache_mode req_type,
452 enum page_cache_mode *new_type)
457 if (req_type == _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WP) {
459 *new_type = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS;
463 if (req_type == _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC) {
464 /* We do not support strong UC */
466 req_type = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS;
469 for (pfn = (start >> PAGE_SHIFT); pfn < (end >> PAGE_SHIFT); ++pfn) {
470 enum page_cache_mode type;
472 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
473 type = get_page_memtype(page);
474 if (type != _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB) {
475 pr_info("x86/PAT: reserve_ram_pages_type failed [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx], track 0x%x, req 0x%x\n",
476 start, end - 1, type, req_type);
485 *new_type = req_type;
487 for (pfn = (start >> PAGE_SHIFT); pfn < (end >> PAGE_SHIFT); ++pfn) {
488 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
489 set_page_memtype(page, req_type);
494 static int free_ram_pages_type(u64 start, u64 end)
499 for (pfn = (start >> PAGE_SHIFT); pfn < (end >> PAGE_SHIFT); ++pfn) {
500 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
501 set_page_memtype(page, _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB);
506 static u64 sanitize_phys(u64 address)
509 * When changing the memtype for pages containing poison allow
510 * for a "decoy" virtual address (bit 63 clear) passed to
511 * set_memory_X(). __pa() on a "decoy" address results in a
512 * physical address with bit 63 set.
514 * Decoy addresses are not present for 32-bit builds, see
517 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64))
518 return address & __PHYSICAL_MASK;
523 * req_type typically has one of the:
524 * - _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB
525 * - _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WC
526 * - _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS
527 * - _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC
528 * - _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WT
530 * If new_type is NULL, function will return an error if it cannot reserve the
531 * region with req_type. If new_type is non-NULL, function will return
532 * available type in new_type in case of no error. In case of any error
533 * it will return a negative return value.
535 int memtype_reserve(u64 start, u64 end, enum page_cache_mode req_type,
536 enum page_cache_mode *new_type)
538 struct memtype *entry_new;
539 enum page_cache_mode actual_type;
543 start = sanitize_phys(start);
546 * The end address passed into this function is exclusive, but
547 * sanitize_phys() expects an inclusive address.
549 end = sanitize_phys(end - 1) + 1;
551 WARN(1, "%s failed: [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx], req %s\n", __func__,
552 start, end - 1, cattr_name(req_type));
556 if (!pat_enabled()) {
557 /* This is identical to page table setting without PAT */
559 *new_type = req_type;
563 /* Low ISA region is always mapped WB in page table. No need to track */
564 if (x86_platform.is_untracked_pat_range(start, end)) {
566 *new_type = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB;
571 * Call mtrr_lookup to get the type hint. This is an
572 * optimization for /dev/mem mmap'ers into WB memory (BIOS
573 * tools and ACPI tools). Use WB request for WB memory and use
574 * UC_MINUS otherwise.
576 actual_type = pat_x_mtrr_type(start, end, req_type);
579 *new_type = actual_type;
581 is_range_ram = pat_pagerange_is_ram(start, end);
582 if (is_range_ram == 1) {
584 err = reserve_ram_pages_type(start, end, req_type, new_type);
587 } else if (is_range_ram < 0) {
591 entry_new = kzalloc(sizeof(struct memtype), GFP_KERNEL);
595 entry_new->start = start;
596 entry_new->end = end;
597 entry_new->type = actual_type;
599 spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
601 err = memtype_check_insert(entry_new, new_type);
603 pr_info("x86/PAT: memtype_reserve failed [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx], track %s, req %s\n",
605 cattr_name(entry_new->type), cattr_name(req_type));
607 spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
612 spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
614 dprintk("memtype_reserve added [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx], track %s, req %s, ret %s\n",
615 start, end - 1, cattr_name(entry_new->type), cattr_name(req_type),
616 new_type ? cattr_name(*new_type) : "-");
621 int memtype_free(u64 start, u64 end)
624 struct memtype *entry_old;
629 start = sanitize_phys(start);
630 end = sanitize_phys(end);
632 /* Low ISA region is always mapped WB. No need to track */
633 if (x86_platform.is_untracked_pat_range(start, end))
636 is_range_ram = pat_pagerange_is_ram(start, end);
637 if (is_range_ram == 1)
638 return free_ram_pages_type(start, end);
639 if (is_range_ram < 0)
642 spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
643 entry_old = memtype_erase(start, end);
644 spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
646 if (IS_ERR(entry_old)) {
647 pr_info("x86/PAT: %s:%d freeing invalid memtype [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx]\n",
648 current->comm, current->pid, start, end - 1);
654 dprintk("memtype_free request [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx]\n", start, end - 1);
661 * lookup_memtype - Looks up the memory type for a physical address
662 * @paddr: physical address of which memory type needs to be looked up
664 * Only to be called when PAT is enabled
666 * Returns _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB, _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WC, _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS
667 * or _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WT.
669 static enum page_cache_mode lookup_memtype(u64 paddr)
671 enum page_cache_mode rettype = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB;
672 struct memtype *entry;
674 if (x86_platform.is_untracked_pat_range(paddr, paddr + PAGE_SIZE))
677 if (pat_pagerange_is_ram(paddr, paddr + PAGE_SIZE)) {
680 page = pfn_to_page(paddr >> PAGE_SHIFT);
681 return get_page_memtype(page);
684 spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
686 entry = memtype_lookup(paddr);
688 rettype = entry->type;
690 rettype = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS;
692 spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
698 * pat_pfn_immune_to_uc_mtrr - Check whether the PAT memory type
699 * of @pfn cannot be overridden by UC MTRR memory type.
701 * Only to be called when PAT is enabled.
703 * Returns true, if the PAT memory type of @pfn is UC, UC-, or WC.
704 * Returns false in other cases.
706 bool pat_pfn_immune_to_uc_mtrr(unsigned long pfn)
708 enum page_cache_mode cm = lookup_memtype(PFN_PHYS(pfn));
710 return cm == _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC ||
711 cm == _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS ||
712 cm == _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WC;
714 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pat_pfn_immune_to_uc_mtrr);
717 * memtype_reserve_io - Request a memory type mapping for a region of memory
718 * @start: start (physical address) of the region
719 * @end: end (physical address) of the region
720 * @type: A pointer to memtype, with requested type. On success, requested
721 * or any other compatible type that was available for the region is returned
723 * On success, returns 0
724 * On failure, returns non-zero
726 int memtype_reserve_io(resource_size_t start, resource_size_t end,
727 enum page_cache_mode *type)
729 resource_size_t size = end - start;
730 enum page_cache_mode req_type = *type;
731 enum page_cache_mode new_type;
734 WARN_ON_ONCE(iomem_map_sanity_check(start, size));
736 ret = memtype_reserve(start, end, req_type, &new_type);
740 if (!is_new_memtype_allowed(start, size, req_type, new_type))
743 if (memtype_kernel_map_sync(start, size, new_type) < 0)
750 memtype_free(start, end);
757 * memtype_free_io - Release a memory type mapping for a region of memory
758 * @start: start (physical address) of the region
759 * @end: end (physical address) of the region
761 void memtype_free_io(resource_size_t start, resource_size_t end)
763 memtype_free(start, end);
766 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAT
767 int arch_io_reserve_memtype_wc(resource_size_t start, resource_size_t size)
769 enum page_cache_mode type = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WC;
771 return memtype_reserve_io(start, start + size, &type);
773 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arch_io_reserve_memtype_wc);
775 void arch_io_free_memtype_wc(resource_size_t start, resource_size_t size)
777 memtype_free_io(start, start + size);
779 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arch_io_free_memtype_wc);
782 pgprot_t phys_mem_access_prot(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
783 unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
785 if (!phys_mem_access_encrypted(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT, size))
786 vma_prot = pgprot_decrypted(vma_prot);
791 #ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM
792 /* This check is done in drivers/char/mem.c in case of STRICT_DEVMEM */
793 static inline int range_is_allowed(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size)
798 /* This check is needed to avoid cache aliasing when PAT is enabled */
799 static inline int range_is_allowed(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size)
801 u64 from = ((u64)pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT;
802 u64 to = from + size;
808 while (cursor < to) {
809 if (!devmem_is_allowed(pfn))
816 #endif /* CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM */
818 int phys_mem_access_prot_allowed(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
819 unsigned long size, pgprot_t *vma_prot)
821 enum page_cache_mode pcm = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB;
823 if (!range_is_allowed(pfn, size))
826 if (file->f_flags & O_DSYNC)
827 pcm = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS;
829 *vma_prot = __pgprot((pgprot_val(*vma_prot) & ~_PAGE_CACHE_MASK) |
830 cachemode2protval(pcm));
835 * Change the memory type for the physical address range in kernel identity
836 * mapping space if that range is a part of identity map.
838 int memtype_kernel_map_sync(u64 base, unsigned long size,
839 enum page_cache_mode pcm)
843 if (base > __pa(high_memory-1))
847 * Some areas in the middle of the kernel identity range
848 * are not mapped, for example the PCI space.
850 if (!page_is_ram(base >> PAGE_SHIFT))
853 id_sz = (__pa(high_memory-1) <= base + size) ?
854 __pa(high_memory) - base : size;
856 if (ioremap_change_attr((unsigned long)__va(base), id_sz, pcm) < 0) {
857 pr_info("x86/PAT: %s:%d ioremap_change_attr failed %s for [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx]\n",
858 current->comm, current->pid,
860 base, (unsigned long long)(base + size-1));
867 * Internal interface to reserve a range of physical memory with prot.
868 * Reserved non RAM regions only and after successful memtype_reserve,
869 * this func also keeps identity mapping (if any) in sync with this new prot.
871 static int reserve_pfn_range(u64 paddr, unsigned long size, pgprot_t *vma_prot,
876 enum page_cache_mode want_pcm = pgprot2cachemode(*vma_prot);
877 enum page_cache_mode pcm = want_pcm;
879 is_ram = pat_pagerange_is_ram(paddr, paddr + size);
882 * reserve_pfn_range() for RAM pages. We do not refcount to keep
883 * track of number of mappings of RAM pages. We can assert that
884 * the type requested matches the type of first page in the range.
890 pcm = lookup_memtype(paddr);
891 if (want_pcm != pcm) {
892 pr_warn("x86/PAT: %s:%d map pfn RAM range req %s for [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx], got %s\n",
893 current->comm, current->pid,
894 cattr_name(want_pcm),
895 (unsigned long long)paddr,
896 (unsigned long long)(paddr + size - 1),
898 *vma_prot = __pgprot((pgprot_val(*vma_prot) &
899 (~_PAGE_CACHE_MASK)) |
900 cachemode2protval(pcm));
905 ret = memtype_reserve(paddr, paddr + size, want_pcm, &pcm);
909 if (pcm != want_pcm) {
911 !is_new_memtype_allowed(paddr, size, want_pcm, pcm)) {
912 memtype_free(paddr, paddr + size);
913 pr_err("x86/PAT: %s:%d map pfn expected mapping type %s for [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx], got %s\n",
914 current->comm, current->pid,
915 cattr_name(want_pcm),
916 (unsigned long long)paddr,
917 (unsigned long long)(paddr + size - 1),
922 * We allow returning different type than the one requested in
925 *vma_prot = __pgprot((pgprot_val(*vma_prot) &
926 (~_PAGE_CACHE_MASK)) |
927 cachemode2protval(pcm));
930 if (memtype_kernel_map_sync(paddr, size, pcm) < 0) {
931 memtype_free(paddr, paddr + size);
938 * Internal interface to free a range of physical memory.
939 * Frees non RAM regions only.
941 static void free_pfn_range(u64 paddr, unsigned long size)
945 is_ram = pat_pagerange_is_ram(paddr, paddr + size);
947 memtype_free(paddr, paddr + size);
950 static int get_pat_info(struct vm_area_struct *vma, resource_size_t *paddr,
955 VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_PAT));
958 * We need the starting PFN and cachemode used for track_pfn_remap()
959 * that covered the whole VMA. For most mappings, we can obtain that
960 * information from the page tables. For COW mappings, we might now
961 * suddenly have anon folios mapped and follow_phys() will fail.
963 * Fallback to using vma->vm_pgoff, see remap_pfn_range_notrack(), to
964 * detect the PFN. If we need the cachemode as well, we're out of luck
965 * for now and have to fail fork().
967 if (!follow_phys(vma, vma->vm_start, 0, &prot, paddr)) {
969 *pgprot = __pgprot(prot);
972 if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)) {
975 *paddr = (resource_size_t)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
983 * track_pfn_copy is called when vma that is covering the pfnmap gets
984 * copied through copy_page_range().
986 * If the vma has a linear pfn mapping for the entire range, we get the prot
987 * from pte and reserve the entire vma range with single reserve_pfn_range call.
989 int track_pfn_copy(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
991 resource_size_t paddr;
992 unsigned long vma_size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;
995 if (vma->vm_flags & VM_PAT) {
996 if (get_pat_info(vma, &paddr, &pgprot))
998 /* reserve the whole chunk covered by vma. */
999 return reserve_pfn_range(paddr, vma_size, &pgprot, 1);
1006 * prot is passed in as a parameter for the new mapping. If the vma has
1007 * a linear pfn mapping for the entire range, or no vma is provided,
1008 * reserve the entire pfn + size range with single reserve_pfn_range
1011 int track_pfn_remap(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgprot_t *prot,
1012 unsigned long pfn, unsigned long addr, unsigned long size)
1014 resource_size_t paddr = (resource_size_t)pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
1015 enum page_cache_mode pcm;
1017 /* reserve the whole chunk starting from paddr */
1018 if (!vma || (addr == vma->vm_start
1019 && size == (vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start))) {
1022 ret = reserve_pfn_range(paddr, size, prot, 0);
1023 if (ret == 0 && vma)
1024 vm_flags_set(vma, VM_PAT);
1032 * For anything smaller than the vma size we set prot based on the
1035 pcm = lookup_memtype(paddr);
1037 /* Check memtype for the remaining pages */
1038 while (size > PAGE_SIZE) {
1041 if (pcm != lookup_memtype(paddr))
1045 *prot = __pgprot((pgprot_val(*prot) & (~_PAGE_CACHE_MASK)) |
1046 cachemode2protval(pcm));
1051 void track_pfn_insert(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgprot_t *prot, pfn_t pfn)
1053 enum page_cache_mode pcm;
1058 /* Set prot based on lookup */
1059 pcm = lookup_memtype(pfn_t_to_phys(pfn));
1060 *prot = __pgprot((pgprot_val(*prot) & (~_PAGE_CACHE_MASK)) |
1061 cachemode2protval(pcm));
1065 * untrack_pfn is called while unmapping a pfnmap for a region.
1066 * untrack can be called for a specific region indicated by pfn and size or
1067 * can be for the entire vma (in which case pfn, size are zero).
1069 void untrack_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long pfn,
1070 unsigned long size, bool mm_wr_locked)
1072 resource_size_t paddr;
1074 if (vma && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_PAT))
1077 /* free the chunk starting from pfn or the whole chunk */
1078 paddr = (resource_size_t)pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
1079 if (!paddr && !size) {
1080 if (get_pat_info(vma, &paddr, NULL))
1082 size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;
1084 free_pfn_range(paddr, size);
1087 vm_flags_clear(vma, VM_PAT);
1089 __vm_flags_mod(vma, 0, VM_PAT);
1094 * untrack_pfn_clear is called if the following situation fits:
1096 * 1) while mremapping a pfnmap for a new region, with the old vma after
1097 * its pfnmap page table has been removed. The new vma has a new pfnmap
1098 * to the same pfn & cache type with VM_PAT set.
1099 * 2) while duplicating vm area, the new vma fails to copy the pgtable from
1102 void untrack_pfn_clear(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
1104 vm_flags_clear(vma, VM_PAT);
1107 pgprot_t pgprot_writecombine(pgprot_t prot)
1109 return __pgprot(pgprot_val(prot) |
1110 cachemode2protval(_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WC));
1112 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pgprot_writecombine);
1114 pgprot_t pgprot_writethrough(pgprot_t prot)
1116 return __pgprot(pgprot_val(prot) |
1117 cachemode2protval(_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WT));
1119 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pgprot_writethrough);
1121 #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS) && defined(CONFIG_X86_PAT)
1124 * We are allocating a temporary printout-entry to be passed
1125 * between seq_start()/next() and seq_show():
1127 static struct memtype *memtype_get_idx(loff_t pos)
1129 struct memtype *entry_print;
1132 entry_print = kzalloc(sizeof(struct memtype), GFP_KERNEL);
1136 spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
1137 ret = memtype_copy_nth_element(entry_print, pos);
1138 spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
1140 /* Free it on error: */
1149 static void *memtype_seq_start(struct seq_file *seq, loff_t *pos)
1153 seq_puts(seq, "PAT memtype list:\n");
1156 return memtype_get_idx(*pos);
1159 static void *memtype_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
1163 return memtype_get_idx(*pos);
1166 static void memtype_seq_stop(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1171 static int memtype_seq_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1173 struct memtype *entry_print = (struct memtype *)v;
1175 seq_printf(seq, "PAT: [mem 0x%016Lx-0x%016Lx] %s\n",
1178 cattr_name(entry_print->type));
1183 static const struct seq_operations memtype_seq_ops = {
1184 .start = memtype_seq_start,
1185 .next = memtype_seq_next,
1186 .stop = memtype_seq_stop,
1187 .show = memtype_seq_show,
1190 static int memtype_seq_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
1192 return seq_open(file, &memtype_seq_ops);
1195 static const struct file_operations memtype_fops = {
1196 .open = memtype_seq_open,
1198 .llseek = seq_lseek,
1199 .release = seq_release,
1202 static int __init pat_memtype_list_init(void)
1204 if (pat_enabled()) {
1205 debugfs_create_file("pat_memtype_list", S_IRUSR,
1206 arch_debugfs_dir, NULL, &memtype_fops);
1210 late_initcall(pat_memtype_list_init);
1212 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_FS && CONFIG_X86_PAT */